F 







CQPHUGHT DEPOSrn 



A^ 



c^\ 



/ 







0>2, 



^omfilimeais or f §ee S^gi- ^ 



I 




/ Y r ¥■ Y YYVYYYYYirVVVY YJT J 

TRADE RE\ rEW. 



■elMO.E.toD-PuBL.<^- 



PRINTING /fUBBER STAMPS, 

BOOK-BINDING seals, etc, 

PAPER BOXES 



THOS. GILBERT 

15 TWELFTH ST. 

COLUMBUS, CA. 



BLANK BOOKS, 

OFFICE APPLIANCES, MERCANTILE 

Desks and Cabinets STATIONERY 



TM E 



Largest, Most Comfortable and Elegant Hotel, 

THE VERNON, 

Bar, Bath and Barber Shop Connected. 

Corner First Areiiiie and Thirteenth Street, Colnuibus, Georgia. 

Rates $2 per Day. Weekly Rates given on Application. 

^:W See Page 141. 



COLUMBUS : 



HER 



Trade, Commerce and Industries 

1892=3. 



MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES, BUSINESS AND 
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. 



TOGETHER WITH 



Sketches of the Principal Business Houses and Manufacturing Concerns 



-OUKKN CITY." 



Historical and Descriptive Review. 



J. E. Li^NID, Editor, 

An'llou OK "flllfAGO, THE FUTURE MkTI{()P(H,1S UK THeNeW WoKI.D," '■ St. LiHTS, her TliAlii:, ('(HHIEKIK 
.\M> JIaMKAI TUHES," "MILWAUKEE, HER TliADE, CoM.MEKl'E AND MANUFACTr UES,"" " J'E.V I1.I.I STIi ATloNS 

or New Oki.eans," " Indu.stries of St. I'aui,," " Inuustries of I.ndianafoi.i.x," "iNursTHiKs 

OF WllEKI.INIi," " I.NIHSTRIES OF Pf.ORIA," "iNDl'.'iTRIES OF EVAXSVl I.I.E," 
"('llARI.ESl'oN, S. ('., OKI! TRADE, COMMERCE AND InDU.STI!I ES," AND 

Many (tiiiEi; Works on the Indu.striai, Growth of 

.Vmkhu'an Cities. 



COLUMBUS, QA: ( OCT 20 1892 ) 

Published BY J. E. Land Publishing Company. " ., ,. ^'^ 

18 92. ' . \ 

:^0-^ b^^V- 



PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. 



The labor connected with sucli a work as this none can fully appreciate but those who 
have performed it. The work is presented to the public witli the belief that it is as nearly 
accurate as such works can be. The utmost care has been exercised in the collation and 
presentation of the matter in this work, especially that relating to the manufacturing and 
commercial advantages of Columbus, and no expense has been spared to make it not only 
acceptable to the general reader, but in the highest degree valuable to our tradesmen, 
manufacturers and financial institutions. The book is mainly designed to furnish the most 
comprehensive and authentic information concerning the facilities and resources of this city, 
which will awaken a more appreciative spirit of enterprise at home, and increase patron- 
age and favor from abroad. It also aims to direct attention to our vast capabilities and 
resources, many of which are yet undeveloped, and to utilize more thoroughly the facts 
which demonstrate the superiority of Columbus as a commercial and manufacturing city. 
In a city like Columbus, where improvement and change are the order, and the watchword, 
it would be strange, indeed, if we did not here and there find an error. If, however, our 
pen shall succeed in directing the attention of the trade to its manifold superiorities, or 
draw to this vicinage a population that shall sieze upon its possibilities and go forward to 
glad fruition — controlling its agencies and shaping its destinies ; if we do all or any of 
these, we shall be munificiently rewarded, and our chiefest aim be reached. 

It remains for us now to acknowledge obligations to the various sources from which we 
have I'eceived assistance. Our object, throughout, having been to i)roduce a useful book, 
we have not felt at liberty to reject aught that could be turned to practical use. Therefore, 
as far as was consistent with our own plan, we have carefully gleaned whatever was perti- 
nent and of value we have discovered in other directions. Nor have the newspapers been 
overlooked. To the Directors of the Columbus Board of Trade, for their indorsement and 
hearty co-operation ; to A. G. Grant, for the excellent photographs from w^hich the cuts 
were made, and to the patrons of the work, who compose so valuable a portion of the 
business men, and are contributing most largely to the growth and prosperity of Columbus, 
the publishers desire to return their grateful acknowledgements. 

With this brief ])reface, we launch our vessel, trusting that it may bring to port the 
treasures which the merchants and business men of the Queen City so richly deserve. 

Very truly, 

July 15, 1892. THE PUBLISHERS. 



STATISTICS AND INDUSTRIES OF COLUMBUS. 

TiiK. Cm. t Mills BiiARn of Trade, \ 

CiiLiMiirs, Ga., February 2!), 1802. j 
We, the unilereigned, Directors ul tlie ('oliiinljiis Hoard of Trade, have exainiiied a prospectus and plans submitted by 
the .1. E. Land I'ublishins Co., of Chiiajio, conleniplatinK tlie publication oC a book setting forth the advantages and 
industries of Columbus, Ga., for general circulation, and tiike pleasure in recommending the enterprise for a favorable 
<(insideration of the business men of Columbus. It has been the desire of the Board of Trade, and the Committee on Sta- 
tistics and Advertising, to publish such a work, and we think the proposition of the .1. K. Land Publishing Co. offers the 
liest inducements for a |)uldication of that kind. Respectfully, 

L. H. CH.\PPKLL, President. 
W. C. 1!I!.\1)LKV. Isl Vice-President. 
WILLIAM A. WIMIUSH, 2d Vice-President. 
L. C. FKAZKK, ;id Vice-President. 
.1. .1. MOULKY. 

THOS. GILBERT, PRINTER, COLUMBUS, GA. 



GEISTER^L INDEX. 



A. 

Averett, E. M., Wholesale Fruits and Vegetables, .... 136 

B 

Banks and other Financial Institutions, ....... S2 

Bagging Manufactory, ......... 50 

Barrell ^Manufactures, ---.-.-.. 46 

Berry, Geo. 0., Steam Brick Manufacturer, - - . - - - 80 

Bethune, A. J., Stationery, Fancy Goods, etc., 133 

Bergan, M. T., Wholesale Liquors, etc., 100 

Blandford & Grimes, Attorneys-at-Law, .--... 100 

Book Binders and Blank Book Manufactures, - - - - - 4(5 

Books and Stationery, -...---.-. 36 

Breweries, .....-----. 46 

Brick Manufacturers, ---------- 46 

Brush Electric light and Power Co., - - - - - - - 88 

Browdy, Jacob, Hats, Caps, Clothing, etc., - - - - . 135 

Browne, Rhodes, General Insurance Agent, - - . . - 102 

Bullard, Dr. W. L., Occulist and iVurist, 122 

• 

o 

Candy Manufacturers, --------- 46 

Cantrell, V. R., Groceries, Dry Goods, etc., ...... 106 

Cargill, J. W., Staple and Fancy Groceries, . . . - . I35 

Carriage and Wagon Manufacturers, ------- 46 

Carter & Bradley, Cotton Factors, Commission Merchants, - - - 74 

Characteristics of the People, -------- 24 

Charitable and Beuevolent Institutions, ------ 69 

Chattahoochee Brewing Co., ........ ^2 

Cider and Vinegar Manufacturers, ------- 47 

Cigar Manufacturers, --.------- 47 



GENERAL INDEX 



Central Line of Boats, 98 

Churclies and Religious Institutions, - 67 

Clotliin<^ Mauufacturers, 48 

Climate of Columbus, 65 

Columbus, as it is in 1892, 20 

Columbus and Western Railway, 26 

Columbus and Rome Railroad, 27 

Columbus as a Cotton Market, 29 

Columbus as a Place of Residence, 65 

Columbus Business College, 1-15 

Columbus Grocery Co., Wholesale Grocers, 78 

(Jolumbus Iron Works, ---------- 92 

Columbus Investment Co., - • - - - - - - - 128 

Columbus Water Works, - - - - 103 

Connor, J. II. & Co., Dry Goods and Groceries, ... - 115 

Crawford, Tol Y., Attorney -at- Law, 98 

"Creole" rile Cure, 121 

Cotton and Woolen Goods Manufacturers, 45 



D 

Davis, Robt. & Co., Groceries, Liquors and Cigars, ... - 125 

Dclmonico Restaurant, ..--.---. 86 

Drugs and Chemicals, ....-.-,-- 50 

Dun, R. G. & Co., Mercantile Agency, 76 

Dudley, T. J. k iSons, Manufacturers Doors, Sash, Blinds, etc., - - 129 

E 

East Highlands, Property of Muscogee Real Estate Co., . . - - 57 

Eifler, Philip, Dealer in Guns, Pistols, etc., . - . . . 133 

Embryonic Colund)us, - - - - - - - - - - 13 

Ennis, J. W., General Merchandise, 102 

Everett, II. F., The Stove Man, 132 

Excelsior Steam Jiaundry, - - - - - - - - - 118 

F 

Fertilizers, .-..-.---•- 48 

Fire Department, - ....----- 72 

Flour and Grist Mills, - • - - - • 48 

Flournoy & Epping, AVarehouse and Commission Merchants, - - 79 

Frazer House, - - - - - ■ - - - - - 122 

Fruits and Confectioneries, .....--- 37 



GENERAL INDEX 



G 

Georgia Midland and Gulf Railroad, - • - - . - - 27 

Girard, Ala., Trade, Commerce and Manufacturing Advantages, - - - 68 

Girard, Ala., Natural Resources, - . - - - - - 64 

Ginsberg, A. IL, Gents' Furnishing Goods, etc., ..... 126 

Granite and Marble Works, ........ ,50 

Green, W. J., Boot and Shoe Maker, ....... 125 

H 

Harrison, J. B. & Co., Real Estate, Stock and Bond Brokers, - - 83 

Harrison, J. S. & Bro., Boots and Shoes, ...... 137 

Hamer & Eason, Wholesale Grocers, • - - - - - 147 

Hill, Reese & Co., Real Estate and Insurance, - - - - - 124 

Holmes, Dr. D. A., Veterinary Surgeon, ...... 140 

Howard, R., Board' and Sale Stables, ....... 151 



Ice Manufactures, .......... 41* 

Immense Water Power, ......... 44 

Introductory, ...-.-.--- - 

Iron Manufactures, .......... 48 

J 

Jackson, H. F., Physician and Surgeon, - - - - - - 107 

Jefferson, R., Groceries, ......... 84 

Jones Bi'os., Sash, Doors and Blinds, etc., ------ 81 

Joseph, M., Jobber of Dry Goods and Notions, ..... 95 

Joseph, J., Dry Goods, Clothing, etc., ....... 127 

Johnson, W. E., Southern Traveler for Kerr Thread Co., - - - 138 

Jungerman, E., Photographer, ........ 124 

K 

Kaufman, J. J., Candy Manufacturer, - - - - - - 151 

Kelly & Co., Wholesale Grocers, --..--.- 96 

Kyle, J. & Co., Wholesale Dry Goods, etc., .... . 90 

L 

Leo, M. H., Dealer in Fine Millinery, 132 

M 

Manufactures and Manufacturing; Advantai^es, . . - . . 39 

Miles & Lett, Life Insurance Agents, - - ... . . 117 

sillier & Miller, Attorneys-at-Law, ....... 86 



GENERAL INDEX 



Mitchell, Thos. S., M. D., Physician and Surgeon, - - - - 77 

Mobile and Girard Railroad, . . . . . - - 2») 

Morgan, Dr. D. E., Druggist, etc., 112 

Munday, Wm., Livery, Feed and Sale Stables, . . . . . 14(3 

Music and Musical Instrunaents 36 

Newspapers of Columbus, - - - - - - - - - 71 

North Highland Land Improvement and Manufacturing Co., - . - 61 

o 

Orr, J. K. & Co., Wholesale Boots and Shoes, 87 

Patterson & Thomas, Wholesale Druggists, ------ 130 

Pease, J. W.'s Sons, Books, Stationery, etc., - . . . . 130 

Pekor, V. J., Watchmaker and Jeweler, - - - - - - 110 

Peacock, G. J., Clothing Manufacturer, ------- 88 

Piedmont Cider Works, 104 

Power's Cash Store, Phenix City, Ala., - 112 

Posada, Mrs. A., Cigars, Tobacco, etc., 07 

Population. -...--....- 21 

Prospectively, --..--.--.-. 20 

Public Schools of Columbus, --..--.. 67 

R 

Railroad Interests, ---------- 25 

Rankin House Barber Shop, W. A. Mahonc, Proprietor, - - - 80 

Real Estate Interests in Columbus, - ------ 5-4 

Redd, Wm., Jr., Real Estate and Fire Insurance Agent, - - - 127 

Reid & Lenoir, Painters, Paper Hangers and Decorators, - - - 147 

Riddle & Nuckolls, Wholesale Tobaccos and Cigars, - - - . 00 

Rhodes Browne, Insurance Agent, - - - - . . - 102 

Rothschild, David, Wholesale Dry Goods, etc., - - - - 134 

Rogers, S. J., Photographer, - 113 

Rothschild, B., Dry Goods, Clothing, etc., ...... 126 

s 

Sauls, Mrs. S. J., Florist, 107 

Scarbroiigli, L. A., Groceries and (xcncral Merchandise, - - - 150 

Selignian, M., Clothing, Hats, Boots and Shoes, - - . . - 75 

Shepherd's Brick Yards, --------- 04 



GENERAL INDEX 



Simmons, S. L., Meat Market, . . 84 

Singer Manufacturing Co., Sewing Machines, 101 

Sims & Sims,' Physicians and Surgeons, 152 

Southern Plow Co., Manufacturers Plows, etc., .... -93 

Society of Columbus, ...---.... 05 
Smith, U. H., Druggist, Phenix City, Ala. - - - - - - 111 

Spear, T. S., Watchmaker and Jeweler, 83 

Streets of Columbus, ........ . 70 

Sunday Schools, ...-.-.--- - 07 

Swift Manufacturing Co., Plaids, Cottonades, Ticking, etc., - - - 77 

T 

The A. G. Rhodes Furniture Co., 120 

The Matrimonial Outlook, 23 

The Georgia Central Railroad, - - - - - - - - - 20 

The Columbus Southern Railroad, 28 

The Dummy Line, .....------ 28 

The Jobbing Trade of Columbus, -...---. 30 

The Wholesale Dry Goods and Notions Trade, 31 

The Wholesale Grocery Trade, ........ 31 

The Wholesale Clothing Trade, 33 

The Wholesale Liquor Trade, 35 

The Wholesale Furniture Trade, ..--...- 30 
The Retail Trade of Columbus, ........ 37 

The Columbus Board of Trade, - - - - - - - - 53 

The Environs of Columbus, -....-..- 57 

The Enquirer- Sun, .......... 71 

The Evening Ledger, - - - - - - . - - 71 

The Sunday Herald, - ........ 72 

The Public Library, 72 

The Chattahoochee National Bank, -...-.. 73 

The Columbus Barrel Manufacturing Co., ..... 85 

The Steam Plant and Plumbing Co., - - - ... 95 

The Southern College of Music, '....... 103 

The Eagle Clothing Manufacturing Co., - - - - - - 85 

The Vernon Hotel, Geo. A. Riddle, Proprietor, ..... 141 

The Columbus Savings Bank, ........ 148 

"The Hustler," 119 

Third National Bank, 143 

Thomas, Grigsby E,, Jr., Attorneyat-Law, .... - 128 

Tomblin, F. B., Groceries, etc., Girard, Ala., ..... 100 

Torbert & Floyd, Millers and Jobbers of Meats, etc., - - - - 108 

Torbett, C. L., Undertaker, etc., ....... 115 

Transportation Facilities, - - - . ■ . - - - 24 

Turner Bros., Manufacturing Pharmacists, ..... 105 



Vlll GENERAL INDEX 



Vernon Hotel Barber Shop, ........ 99 

Veranda Hotel, 118 

W. W. C. Co., 114 

Ware, H. L., Dry Goods, etc., 119 

Watt, W. J., Groceries, etc., ........ 131 

Wholesale Boots and Shoes, ........ 8-3 

Wholesale Hats and Caps, ........ 3-t 

Wholesale Drugs, Paints, etc., ........ 34 

Wholesale Hardware, etc., ...... . . 30 

Wholesale Cigars, Tobacco, etc., - - - - - - - - 3G 

Williams & Booker, General Merchandise, Piienix City, Ala., - - 109 

Willcox, D. F., & Sons, Insurance Agents, ...... 142 

Wimbish, Wm. A., Attorney -at-Law, ...... 113 

AVynne, AViley, Cigars and Tobacco, - - - - - - • 130 

Y 

Young, W. H. Co., Manufacturers Pantaloons, .leans Suits, Shirts, etc., - 110 



CORRECTIONS. 



Since putting the article of the Chattahoochee Brewing Company in type, 
Mr. II. H. Epping, jr., has been elected President, vice E. H. Epping. 

In the article of M. Seligman, page 75, the location should read 22 Tenth St. 

Page 124 — The firm of Hill, Reese & Co. changed to Geo. Reese & Co., 
office over R. Jefferson, cor. Broad and Eleventh streets. 

Page 130 — E. M. Averett — Location of business house 945 Broad street. 



COLUMBUS, GA.: 



THK OUKKN CITY OF THK SOUTH. 



INTRODUCTORY. 



FREEDOM of industry, the printing press, steam and electricity, neither of 
which were enjoyed in ancient times, are the four grand forces in the 
economy of modern times, which renders our civilization higher than that 
enjoyed by the ancients — the day-star of mankind, the solar-light of the human 
race. 

The ancients were largely devoted to Avar; only a select few to literature, 
mainly in its less utilitarian departments. The industrial arts found no appre- 
ciable place in their systems, and material development was regarded important 
only so far as it was necessary to national defense or aggressive military opera- 
tions. In modern times, on the other hand, the interests of industry — agricul- 
ture, manufactures and commerce — all the useful arts and avocations have been 
exalted to the first importance ; all other considerations are made subordinate to 
these. If any proof Avere needed of the transcendent importance of industrial 
development to human progress, Avhat more forcible, Avhat more eloquent testi- 
mony could be re(piired than is afforded by the record modern civilization has 
made in the last three or four centuries, contrasted Avith the record of fifty odd 
centuries of earlier times '( Unquestionably it is to industrial development that 
civilization must look for a realization of its highest hopes. "For it is to be 
remembered," says Wells, " that the material needs of man must first and ahvays 
be fairly satisfied before morality, certainly, in any high degree, is likely to exist 
among the masses; and furthermore, that something of material abundance or Avealth 
must be earned and saved before leisure for study can be obtained, or the scholar 
can exist." But to sujjjjly the "material needs" of man begets a diversity of 
employment — the jjroducer, the dealer, the conuuon carrier, the manufacturer^ 
the merchant, the ])ankcr, the officers of the law, all the army of trades and 



10 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



professions entering into the machinery of society and forming a city. How 
senseless, then, and nnworthy of Cicero, was his remark: "Commerce is a 
sordid aftair when it is of little consequence ; for the small traders cannot gain 
without lying; it is a business only tolerable at best, when carried on on a large 
scale, and in order to supjly tiie country with jirovision." This only serves to 
show how little the true interests of society were studied, how little they were 
understood in his time. With such sentiments prevailing, it is not to be avou- 
dered at that so little progress was made in real civilization during the long 
centuries of anti([uity. 

Striking as is the contrast between the jirogrcss maile in ancient times and 




KESIDKNCr. OF JOS. K. LAJ1I5, EAST UKaiLANDS. 

that made by in(Mleru civilization, the contrast between the progress of modern 
nations of Europe and that of the people of this country is hardly less remark- 
able. Scarcely more than a century has elaj sed since the dawn of our national 
existence, at which period nine-tenths of the vast country we now occupy was an 
unexjilored wilderness. Yet, in that comj.aratively l)rief time we have grown 
to be one of the greatest, and in many resj)ects ^//e (jreateat of the nations of the 
earth. From a population of 8,000,000, we have reached over 60,000,000 
greater than any nation in Eurojie fully civilized, and greater than any on the 
globe except China, India and Russia. During this period we have increased 
in population more than 1700 per cent., while the nations of Europe, as a whole 
have increased less than 75 per cent. In area but two nations surpass us — Rus- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 11 

sia and China — -while in other physical conditions ours is incomparably superior 
to either. We lead all other nations in national wealth. In the value of manu- 
factured products, of agriculture, of the carrying l)usiness, or transportation, 
and of mining, we are in advance of any other country ; and in the six leading 
lines of business or pursuits, including the above, and also commerce and bank- 
ing, taken as a whole, no nation equals ours. While we are, perhaps, the 
wealthiest nation on earth, our public debt at the same time is incomparably less 
than any of the more important nations. Of telegra])h lines we have twice as 
many miles as any other peo})le, and of railroads, more than all Europe, and 
half as many as the entire world. Cities are said to l)e the product of ages ; 
vet, voung as our country is, we are already third among the nations in respect 
to important cities. Speaking of the wonderful progress of this country, a 
writer in a recent number of the Edinhury Review says: 

" Yery naturally, our American friends are in the hal)it of boasting of the 
colossal scale of everything in their magnificent continent. Their lakes are seas 
and their rivers are navigable for many thousand miles above the mighty 
estuaries. The very parks which are locked away Avithin the recesses of their 
grand mountain ranges, might pass for provinces or princi])alities in the cramped 
countries of the Old World. Yet, engineering science, backed by unlimited 
capital, has overcome these formidal)le obstacles and barriers, flinging bridges 
everywhere across l)road rivers, and carrying railroads by every gradient 
through the passes of the mountain chasms ; everywhere they may point with 
legitimate pride to the triumphs of mind and energy over matter. Agriculture 
has kept pace with manufacturing industry, while it has far out-stripped com- 
merce. The boundless prairies are being reclaimed by indefatigable labor, and 
the buffalo and roving savage have given place to herds of sleek cattle with their 
stockmen. Mining has made greater millionaires than manufactures ; discoveries 
of minerals and of mineral oils have directed the rush of immigration to the 
most savage districts of the continent, till, from the Golden Gate of San Fran- 
cisco to the quays of New York, and from the shores of Lake Superior to the 
mouth of the Mississippi, the States are being settled u}) by a community that 
is being steadily consolidated by the spread of a vast net-work of railway lines. 
Clusters of wooden shanties shoot up into towns, while towns that are favored 
by situation. or circumstances, grow rapidly into great cities; nor is there any 
surer road from competence to wealth than judicious investment in eligible 
building lots." 

With the record of such trium])hs as we have pointed out, achieved in so 
short a time, who will attempt to picture the future of this magnificent country? 
Does any one doubt that it is capable of supporting a population as dense as 
Great Britain ? Yet, settled as thickly as those islands it would contain a billion 
inhabitants — three times the i)resent population of all P^urope, and half that of 
the entire globe. If to-day, with sixty million inhabitants, this is the greatest 
industrial nation inider the sun, when the resources of the country are but little 
more than explored, to what degree of grandeur and sjilendor may we not justly 



12 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



expect it to attain in the fnture ? It is not surprising that the marvelous pro- 
gress of the country has attracted the wonder and admiration of the civilized 
Avorld ; but when it is considered that this ])rogress is, in a great measure, due 
to the Southern States — to tlie "Sunny South," as they have been appropriatelv 
called — what must lie tliouglit of the magnificent resources of this new emjjire 

of material wealth 
and of the splendid 
en ter)>rise of the 
people to whom its 
destiny has been 
committed. 

If modern civili- 
zation has so nuicli 
s u r p a s s e d t h e 
"splendid barbari- 
« ans" of anti(iuitv in 
2 "every department of 
^ human progress ; if 
Z ill this country we 
K SO transcend the 
^^ people of Europe 
« in every ratio of 
w material ad vane e- 
5 ment : if the "New^ 
o South" has sounded 
K the liimde-call and 
^ leads the onward 
H march of ])usiness 
"^ and industrial de- 
velopment, can it be 
regai"ded as more 
than every economic 
condition sufisests 
to say that in this 
sunny clime, tiiis 
great dominion, as 
boundless in mate- 
rial resources and 
in the enterp,rise of 
its nndtijilying millions as in its area, a (pa-en-like metropolis will stand, a 
s])lendid monument of civic grandeur and magnificence? To ask tlie (piestioif 
is to answer it ; for nature made the decree, so that he who runs may read, that 
here in (reorgia, on the banks of the Chattahoochee river, is located the city to 
which all streams of traffic, and tlu' industi'ies of learning and the liberal arts 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 13 



-will flow. With the (liseerninent to see this, and tlie energy to anticipate it, 
Columbus will make herself the crowning scene of this great human sea, and 
through the vista of approaching years we behold the Metropolis of the '•'■New 

South y 



EMBRYOI^rC COLUMBUS. 

But before jiassing to the present condition of our City's trade, we deem it 
a])i>ropriate to give some brief account of its past condition, the better to show 
her importance, and the claims she has upon the country. All civilization grows 
up from, and out of, small centers and humble resources. A man, a house, a 
village and a machine, are the starting points of new and grand developments of 
commercial success, social life and national history. The world is full of such 
records, that find illustration and culmination in the fame, and wealth and power 
that gives success and triumph to personal enterprise and stability and grandeur 
to a city's history. Columbus is rich in annals, rich in associations that make 
her plains historic, her hills remarkable, and her name beloved and honored in 
many a clime. "These, then, are the treasured memorials of her people." 
These, whether they come down from the dim and shadowy past, or have their 
birth and fruition in the near and still remembered, are the only anti(iuities 
of the place and of her citizens. In the usual acceptation of the term, our 
country has no antiquities. Art, science, literature, music, poetry, war, have 
left no records — given us no monuments. But itf> jyhi/ si cal condition — glorious, 
comprehensive phrase! taking in, as it were, in one grand respiration, its unap- 
proachable climate, its areable fields, its clear, swift-rolling rivers, its unhidden 
and exhaustless mineral wealth, its uncut forests — these are the monuments ; 
and monumental, too, of the "Eternal Power and Godhead." Aside from these 
and with these, what do we lack, for aught that wisdom can employ, or skillful 
labor produce? (Jur only real anti(iuities are reminiscencies of Indian life and 
warfare, and a recital <»f the hardshij)s, endurance and fortitude of pioneer 
struggles. The former, as to its origin and incidents, is involved in mystery 
and mixed Avith fable. But it is reidete with interest to the curious, and goro-eous 
with thrilling tales of field and flood to the workers of fiction. The latter blushes 
yet in virgin loveliness and beauty, and yet lifts its maiden hands, emploring Old 
Mortality to decijiher its inscriptions, to freshen its facts, to revivify its memories 
and hand down to the generations coming -and to come, "the short and simple 
annals" of a peo])le who, coming from their homes beyond the mountains and 
on the eastei-n shore, settled on the banks of the beautiful Chattahoochee, whose 
fertile valleys their children have enriched as a garden, and made to bloom and 
blossom as a rose. 

Since that time years have rolled around; years of history, civil and social, 
])ersonal and domestic, unfold their pages of trial and triumph, progress and 
pause, toil and suffering, virtue and vice, life and death. War, fire, famine and 
pestilence have held high carnival in her centre ; and the march of youthful art, 



14 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



science, trade, commerce and literature approach, anxious to 1)0 chronicled; 
while festivals and feasts, religion and licentiousness, each "come trooping up 
like bannered armies," with their contributions of glory or of shame, to fill the 
measure of the city's history, The leaves are brimming full ; the acts and inci- 
dents are innumeralile. Would tliat we could open the long-closed volume and 
bring things long hidden out into tlie sunlight, make scenes long lying in obscurity, 
names long lost in the whirlpool of life, voices long silent, address us from the 
graves of the past; but such is not our task. Therefore, we shall oidy garland 
a few of the reminiscences, skip lightly over the remainder, and s])eak with 
words of soberness of the great and living jjresent. 




LAKK ANNIi;. WlI,l>WiMir> I'AliK. K \ST Hlwll I. \ XDS. 

From the most authentic information relative to the condition of the coun- 
try about Columlms at the time of its earliest settlement, we are led to believe 
that the hills were covered with cedar, its valleys and low ])laces hid by a dense 
undergrowth of l)ushes, while tlie level country around about was "jjeoided" bv 
dense forests of cotton-wood, oak, magnolias, an<l such other lordly giants of the 
vegetable kingdom. Tui-ning our imagination l)ack to those early times, Ave can 
but feel an inward sulilimity of its eai-ly charms. On the bosom of tlie beautiful 
river that courses its valleys, Ave see tlie Indian's ]»ark canoe; vast herds of elk 
and horse, "Avild and untamed," roaming througli its dusky Avilds ; the eagle, 
SAvift (>n its pi-ey and liold in its flight, "on cliffs and cedar-tops its eyries build- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 15 



ing;" the timid deer, ])asking at will in the genial sunbeams ; or the winding 
smoke laizily ascending from the wigwam by the river's margin ; warrior and 
maiden, chief and brave, are here in glorious contentment, discussing in colloquial 
pleasure, brave deeds or simple loves in their home, 

"Shut out by alpiue hills from the rude world." 

Standing there \ipon the hills opj-.osite the city, what a grand and magnifi- 
cent prospect would here unroll itself before our vision ; the far-off" hills that 
now skirt the city's suburbs, blackened by dense foliage; the broad surface of 
the river stirred to gentle rolling by the evening breeze, and dashing its silvery 
spray against the rocks of its rugged banks, the rolling, undulated surface of 
the soil ; the tangled background of cliff" and cloud empurpled by the brush of 
heaven ; all would here make up a scene presenting a marvelous master-piece of 
an omnipotent artist, a landscape as sublime and imposing in its grandeur as the 
Yosemite Valley, which distinguished the brush of Bierstadt, and gave his name 
to the roll of immortality. No churlish plowshare had ever marred the velvet 
of the old mossy green sward; no cultivator's fire had ever rioted in the wild, 
hixuriant undergrowth that waved its graceful plumage in every sheltered dingle, 
or in the tufted clumps of cedar that flaunted their verdant banners on every 
knoll and hillock ; no axe had ever razed the gnarled and knotty barks of the 
huge oaks, time-honored and immortal Titans, which, scattered far and 
near in their mighty grandeur, lifted their white, thunder-splintered heads, 
"stag-horned, and sear, and blasted," above their less pretentious neighbors. 
Beneath their shadow the bow-string of the dusky hunter twanged terror to the 
antlered monarchs of the forest. Perhajjs they stood here in their youth, when 
the boom of Columbus' gun announced to the whole world that a new land had 
been found. We know they were here, proud in meridian majesty, when 
America's uncouijuered legions swept on, like a moving wall of brass, against the 
scarlet-coated mercenaries of the British lion. But lo I a change has come over 
these tranquil scenes ; the forest has disappeared, and up from the productive 
soil has vegetation sprung ; the briar patch has been turned into a cotton patch ; 
deep into the hillside the emblems of agricidture have fastened their roots, and 
no more will the startled stag bound from his lair when the crack of the rifle is 
heard in the valley, for some daring hunter has looked down upon it from the 
bordering hills, and claimed it as the heritage of his children; the foot-prints of 
the Anglo-Saxon are made in its rich soil, and are impressed forever — the age 
of civilization has begun. 

Columbus was estal>lished as a trading town in 1827, by an act of the (Geor- 
gia Legislature. Twelve hundred acres were allotted for the town and commons, 
and a reservation of ten acres square for the county buildings of Muscogee 
county, the county having the privilege of selling any portion not needed for 
county buildings. 

The first sale of town lots, consisting of a half acre each, began on the 10th 



16 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



day of July, 1828, and closed on the 23d ; out of (332 lots laid off, 488 were 
sold, the total proceeds of the sale being $130,991. 

In 1828 the first manufacturing establishment was built, and consisted of a 
turning lathe, erected on a little branch north of the city. In the same year 
the first theatre Avas built, and o})ened in July with a very creditable performance. 

In 1828 the 
first bale of cot- 
ton ever sold in 
the town was 
brought in No- 
vember from 
Gwinnett county. 
It was sold at 
12| cents per 
pound. 
■2 In November, 
2 1828, the first 
X- boat landed at 
< the Avharf. It 
§ was called the 
= "Rob Roy," and 
g was owned b}^ a 
y-< man named Love. 
^ Her cargo con- 
^ sisted of groce- 
S ries for J. Fon- 
g tain, Maharrey, 
Love & Co. 

In 1828 the 
town was incor- 
porated by an act 
of the Legisla- 
ture, but the bill 
was not signed 
until the 19th of 
December, and 
provided for an 
election to be 
held on the first 
Monday in January, 1829, for an Intendent and six Commissioners. 

The first Mayor of the town of Columbus Avas L'lysses LcAvis, Avho Avas 
elected January, 1829, and R. T. Marks was the first City Clerk. 

The first ordinance passed by the city government Avas one reipiiring all 
houses on the public streets and common to be removed, and forbidding all per- 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



17 



sons to cut down or destroy any tree on the river eoninion. In 1829 the first 
bank was organized, and was called the Bank of Columbus. 

In 1828, the first newspaper was established by jVTarebeau B. Lamar, and 
was called the Columbus Enquirer. The first j)aper was issued in May of that 
year, it was a weekly j)aper, and was ably edited. 

On the 14th of March, 18-^)9, the first fire occurred in the city. The 
quotations for this year were: Cotton 8 J to 8| ; bagging 23; bacon 9 to 12|; 
coiFee 15 to 17; sugar 10 to 12; flour $8 to $9 ; meal 75; molasses 45. 

In 1831 a new bank was organized, called the Farmers Bank of Chatta- 
hoochee, Avith E. S. Shorter President, and Edward Carey Cashier. 
The following shows the condition of the banks in 1832: 



NAME 


Capital 


Cibcul'n 


Deposits 


Silver 


Gold 


Bank of Columbus 

Farmers' Bank 


$ 120,000 

60,000 

150,000 


$ 229,972 

91.881 

101,299 


813,603 50 

32,579 00 

7,965 23 


e 132,951 92 
70,171 71 
70,375 73 


$ 301 50 
18 000 00 


The Insurance Bank 




Totals 


$ 330,000 


$ 423,152 


854,147 73 


$ 273,499 35 


$18,301 50 





In 1836, there was considerable trouble with the Indians who inhabited the 
Alabama side of the river. There were a number of fights, and on one occasion 
they fired into a steamboat, and killed the pilot who was on duty at the time. 

In 1836, the town of Columbus was incorporated as a city, and an election 
held January 2d for a Mayor and six Aldermen, with the following result: John 
Fontaine, Mayor; T. G. Gordan, Geo. W. Dillard, Hampton S. Smith, E. Sigour- 
ney Norton, Thos. C. Evans and Ernest L. Wittich as Aldermen. 

In 1841, the bridge across the river was swept away by a freshet, but 
was rebuilt during the same year by John Godwin, at a cost of ^15,00-0. 

On March 15, 1842, the first big fire occurred in tliis city. The total loss 
was $100,000. One death, that of Prof. G. R. Hurlburt, occurred by the 
the explosion of Boswell & Billing's drug store. The origin of the fire was a 
mystery, and was never explained. 

x\pril 14, 1843, the first bank robbery was committed, wdien the Western 
Insurance and Trust Company was robbed of some $60,000. One Thomas 
McKeen was arrested and gave information as to where the money was hid. All 
but S6,000 was recovered. 

In February, 1844, the total valuation of city property was SI, 266,055. 

In December, 1844, the Times gives the following list of establishments : 
"Dry goods stores, 26; groceries, 57 ; provisions, 28 ; silver smiths, 5 f cloth- 
ing, 5 ; hats and caps, 1; hardware, 2; books and stationery, 2 ; saddle and 
harness, 3; tobacconists, 1 ; shoes, 7 ; bar-rooms, 17 ; auction stores, 2; drugs, 
5; crockery, 1; confectioner, 1 ; tinware, 2; cabinet warehouses, 4 ; bakeries, 
3; cotton warehouses, 5 ; livery stables, 4; hotels, 4; book-binderies, 2 ; iron 
foundry, 1 ; printing offices, 3; bank and ])ank agencies, 4; blacksmiths, 10; 
carriage warehouses, 2; cotton gin maker, 1 ; wheelrights, 3. — Total 209." 



18 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



In 1845 the first cotton mill was erected. They had 1,200 spindles at 
work, but were making improvements every day. 

In 1845, the price of cotton ranged in January at 2 to 4|c. The first bale 
of the new crop that year was sold August 5th, at S^c. The market for the 
new commercial year opened in September at 6|@7c., and dropped to 5|(a6ic. 
in November. The closing ([notations. December IGth, were 5J@6ic. The 
receipts for the year ending August 31st, were about 85,000 bales, a decrease 
of 30,000 bales from the preceding year. 

The first Board of Trade was organized July 3, 1845, with Henry King, 
Chairman, and C. E. jNIims, Secretary. 

In 1847, tlie city made a subscription to the Muscogee Railroad (now the 
Soutlnvestern), and during this year there Avere numerous fires, but not so 
disastrous as in previous years, as the city fire companies were better able to 
cope with the fire fiend. 

In 1848, the subscription to the Muscogee Railroad was ratified, and it was 
agreed at an election, by a vote of 337 to 27, that a special railroad tax for a 
town of two years, of 2 per cent, on real estate, and one-quarter of one per cent, 
on sales of merchandise and banking business, should be levied to meet the 
subscription. 

The first telegraph line reached Columbus in July, 1848. In 1849-50 the 
city continued to grow, the factories already here enlarging their plants, while 
the building of the Muscogee Railroad was pushed forward with rapidity. 

In 1851, the first agitation of a waterworks was begun, and the first agricul- 
tural fair was held in November of that year. 

In 1852, the first gas company was formed. The city council appropriated 
$10,000 to the capital stock of the company. 

In March, 1853, a severe storm swept over the city, doing considerable 
damage unroofing and otherwise damaging houses, blowing down chimneys, etc 
The damage done was estimated at from $50,000 to $100,000, but no lives 

were lost. 

From 1853 to 1856 the city continued to grow, and notwithstanding the 
financial difficulties of 1855, subscribed and voted capital stock to two railroads. 

In 1860, the United States census showed the population of Columbus to be 
— whites, 5,674 ; slaves, 3,265 ; free negroes, 100 — Total, 9,036. In this year 
political excitement ran high, and a number of military companies were organized. 

In December, 1861, the first year of the war, we find the following market 
quotations: Bacon, 25 to 30c.; flour, $10 to $12; coffee, 67ic.; sugar, 10 to 
12c.: salt, $10 per sack; corn, 85c. to $1 ; wheat, $2; prints 15 to 20c. 

From 1861 to 1865, the city was at a stand-still — a )>atural result — caused 
by the war between the States. On April 16, 1865, the Federal forces under 
command of Gen, AVilson, succeeded in capturing the city, after a hotly contested 
fight by the few hastily organized troops, and the city was badly looted and 
many houses burned. After peace was declared, the energetic people of Colum- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES 



19 



bus began a system of l)uil(ling uj) their lost fortunes and their city's greatness, 
and out of the ashes of the old Columbus has grown this magnificent city — "The 
Queen City of the South" — with the mammoth cotton factories, warehouses, etc., 
her palatial dry goods and grocery houses, and her magnificent residences. 

At this juncture of our labors we may, with propriety, change the current 
of our remarks. We have brought the records of our city — in a rude and 
imperfect manner though it be — down to a period within the memory almost of 
even our youngest citizens. However, we by no means claim to be the historian 
of the city, and trenching in no part upon ground that properly belongs to the 
domain of biography, we have sought only to balance all drafts upon the Past by 




-f'^^ 




~"*eK^Ti^ 



-^^^J^^ 







Wi;i!(i(i)P.A DKIVK, EAST HKUILANDS 



the marvelously increased value of tlie Present, demonstrating the philosophy of 
political economy in the presentation of <'ause by the grander illustration of effect. 
Therefore, Ave may say the past of this city has been Avell cared for, and as a 
Neophyte in iVrcluvology, one may well, then, despair of success, and devote 
attention to the actual and the present of our city, which, sustained by energy 
backed by capital, stimulated with fortitude by virtue of success, presents with its 
material progress, its advances in commerce and manufactures, its internal naviga. 
tion by river and rail, its industrial features, its telegraphy, telephones, electric 
lights, its enlightened press, its metropolitan advancements in every particular, 
themes sufficiently comprehensive and voluminous, and to which we invite the 



20 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



closest attention, and in which we promise faithful account of its magnitude and 
development. In this connection we may say, 

PROSPECTIVELY, 

Her destiny is fixed ; like a new-born empire she is moving forward to conscious 
greatness. In her bosom all the extremes of the country are represented, and to 
her growth all parts of the country contribute, Mighty as are the possibilities 
of her people, still mightier are the hopes inspired. The city that she now is, is 
only the germ of the city that she will be, with her hundreds of thousands of 
souls occupying her vast domain. Her strength will be wonderful, and as she 
grows toward maturity, her institutions of learning and philosophy will cor- 
respondingly advance. If we but look forward in imagination to her consummated 
destiny, how grand is the conception! We can realize that there will be built 
great halls and edifices for art and learning; here will be represented some future 
great teachers of religion, teaching the ideal and s{)iritual development of the 
race, and the higher allegiance of man to the angel-world ; here will live some 
future Plutarch, who will weigli the great men of his age; here some future 
"Mozart will thrill the strings of a more perfect lyre, and improvise grandest 
melodies" for the congregated people; here some future " Rembrandt, througli 
his own ideal imagination, will picture for himself more perfect panoramic 
scenes of nature's lovely landscapes." May we not justly rejoice in the antici- 
pation of the future greatness of the civil, social, intellectual and moral elements 
which are destined to form a part of the Columbus of the future ? and may Ave 
not realize that the thousands who are yet to be its inhabitants will be a wiser 
and better people than those of this generation, and who, in more perfect life, 
will walk these streets of the city of the future with softer tread, and sing music 
with sweeter tones, be urged on by aspirations of higher aims, rejoice with fuller 
hearts, and adorn in beauty, with more tender hands, the future Queen City of 
the South? 



COLUMBUS AS IT IS IN 1892. 

The entire length of the city shows a magnificent river frontage of more 
than three miles, forming a beautiful and picturesque curvature, while the thickh^ 
settled suburbs beyond give it even greater frontage. The average breadth of 
the city is two miles, and the greatest width two and two-thirds miles. 

THE QUEEN" CITY PROSPECTIVE. 

From the more prominent points about the city, and particularly the hills 
across the river in Alabama, a fine view is obtained of the city and the surround- 
ing country, which, lying like a vast amphitheatre, the range of hills forming the 
segment of a circle, and stretching far away to the North and Soutii, about three 
miles equi-distant from its central point, makes up a picture of hill and dale, 
ravine and river, city and country, exceedingly grand and lovely. The beautiful 
suburban towns, and the thickly populated agricultural district far beyond, made 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 21 

lovelier still by the soft gray veil of distance, handsomely diversified -with highly 
cultivated vegetable, floral and horticultural gardens, and extensive and valuable 
plantations, intersected by numerous railways and graveled roads, present a most 
enrapturing prospect. Turning toward the "busy haunts of man," what a pano- 
rama of mingled art and nature meets the eye ; church-spires are marshaled in 
hosts, and warehouses stud every quarter; the mansions of the opulent, half hid 
by ancestrial trees, and the cottages of the humbler citizens are seen in every 
direction ; the smoke-stacks of industry rising at countless points, form a forest 
of progress, while the clouds of smoke vomited from their untiring throats bathe 
the city in vapory folds, and seem climbing one on top the other to kiss the "God 
of Day." Lastly, the river winding like a silver snake — not by bald and sky- 
kissing |)eaks, but past the scenes of honest toil and thrift, lending the force of 
its waters to turn the ponderous wheels of its shipping, and to add to the comfort 
of the people who inhabit its banks. There are no red gashes in the fair bosom 
of mother earth; swords in this quarter of the "moral vineyard," have been 
turned into plow-shares, spears into pruning-hooks — -it remains only for the iron- 
tongued eloquence of the pen, more powerful than the gleam of falchion or the 
sceptre of kings — -to proclaim its glittering excellencies and to assert its proud 
position. To witness these charmes and to feel the sublimity of the cause, there 
seems within the heart such a flood of melody seeking voice that some times, for 
very ecstacy, one is half tempted to give language to all the pent-up joy that 
other men have frittered away, and that we have garnered up for a sight so rare 
and exquisite. The poet, Cowper, had in his mind's eye a scene of comporting 
grandeur : 

" 'T is pleasant, through the loop-holes of Retreat, 

To peep at such a world; 

To feel the stir of the great Bable. and not feel the crowd; 

To hear the roar she sends through all her gates 

At a safe distance, where the dying sound 

Falls a soft murmur on theuninjur'd ear." 

kSo, whether we take it in the, garish light of day, or under moonlight, or 
starlight vision, no city in the South presents a fairer view than Columbus, the 
Queen City of the South. 

POPULATION. 

In days immediately prior to the Avar, Columbus advanced with regularity, 
and, up to the commencement of hostilities it was a place of comparative import- 
ance. The greatest growth and increase in population, however, has been during 
those years intervening the close of the late struggle and the present time, and it 
has moved forward with bold impetus, not only in wealth and commercial and 
manufacturing magnitude, but in substantial and i»erceptible aggregation of resi- 
dent population. In 1870, the first census taken after the war, Columbus con. 
tained a population of 7,401, and in 1880, 10,123. There was considerable 
disappointment, and we may say, chargin, among the boastful citizens, when the 
census of IS'JO showed a population of only 18,(^50. In this connection we may 
say, too, that the census-taker is yet to see the light of earth who could give 



22 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



general satisfaction, and for this reason all census reports have been set down as 
notoriously innperfect. We, however, propose to be just a little charitable with 
the authorized enumerators, but to take sides with the people in this way : In the 
the first place, the Census Bureau, as at present conducted, is nothing short of a 
Government sinecure, glaringly faulty and speculative in the extreme. The 

enumeration i s 
generally made 
during the sum- 
mer months, at 
Av h i c h time a 
large proportion 
of the urban 
population are 
"out of town." 
T heir loss is 
never placed on 
7 the credit side 
= of a coramuni- 
= ty"s numbers, 
= nor do we find 
~ included in the 
/: r e port s many 
^ persons living 
jf in tenement 
- houses, in back 
_ alleys,desultory 
dwellings, in 
basements or in 
attics. In view 
of tliese facts, 
w e propose 
selecting three 
plans of calcula- 
tion in determin- 
ing the present 
population in 
the city, and 
while we depri- 

cate these (.'uniparisons Avhic'i are proverbially "odious," we shall place sufficient 
confidence in the general correctness and utility of the figures to give them a 
place in this department of our report, asking for them a careful consideration as 
to plausi1)ility: 

First — According to the official vote of the city at an election where a full 
vote is cast, there were 8,500 votes polled. Estimating seven inhabitants 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



to each vote, (instead of eight, as is generally customary), we have a total 
population of 24,500. 

Secondly — There are eight thousand and nineteen names in the last City 
Directory for Columbus alone ; estimating 3 J inhabitants for each name, and we 
find in this city a population of 28,067; add to this the population of Girard and 
Phenix City, 7,036, and we find that the city and suburban towns show 35,703 
inhabitants. 

Thirdly — Estimating 9,440 lots within the city limits (or eight lots to the 
acre), and three inliabitants to each lot (in Chicago and Philadelphia the rule 
which holds is six inhabitants to each lot, and ten lots to the acre), the city 
aifords accommodation for 28,320. 

There are a variety of means of accounting for this gratifying growth, and 
observant Columbusonians will readily believe it. The most prominent reason 
established is the fact that, our manufacturing interests having made such percep. 
tible and gigantic strides of late, it has brought to us a greater addition of 
numerical strength than could have been the case had our trade been merely and 
only of a commercial nature. Nevertheless, we chose to accept even our own 
figures only with a grain of conservative salt, and to predict that the year 1900 
will witness a hona fide population in the city of Columbus of 50,000 souls 
Now, observe that we do not resort to the trick of percentage — a very untrust_ 
worthy method, since it is a less feat for a small town to grow twenty-five, fifty, 
or one thousand per cent, than for a great city to do the same — but having by 
three different rules of calculation, found an absolute addition to the city's popu- 
lation of an average of 8,310 souls which, added to the Federal census, gives us 
an average population of 26,960, may we not fairly and not ungreedily figure the 
increase tlie next eight years commensurate with that of the past two, calculating 
for the contribution of the country to the city, added to the city's own recruting 
power by birth — and the locality is certainly favorable to fecundity — legitimately 
entitlino; us to the better half of a hunched thousand at the close of the next 
decade. 

THE MATRIMONIAL OUTLOOK. 

Columbus, it would seem, is also a good place at which to " raarrj^," pro- 
vided, of course, the applicant is of suitable age, comes well recommended, is 
good-looking, sensible, industrious, and possesses a fair modicum of this world's 
goods and chatties ; though these preliminary (qualifications are generally settled 
by the parties most interested, and we have nothing to do with the business, 
only in a statistical form to present the city's advantages in this light. From 
April 1, 1891, to March 31, 1892, the total number of marriage license issued was 
400. The number of divorce suits docketed for the iMay, 1892 te'-m of Court 
was six, which proves conclusively that there are very few unhappy matrimonial 
alliances, and that a very large and gratifying percentage of those who copartner- 
ship their jo^^s and sorrows, travel the rugged paths of life in full accord and 
sympathy. 



24 ■ COLUMBUS, GEORGIA^HER 



CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEOPLE. 

The native Columbusonian is not the lean, lank, sad, intense, subjective 
Yankee, nor the dilatory, fatty, undemonstrative dullard of Pennsylvania; but he 
is always florid, plethoric, laborious, well-fed, jolly and complacent. He works 
like a dray-horse in daylight, and is a profound sleeper at night, open, laquacious, 
liberal, he i»atronizes "church festivals," and while yet a beau, congregates in 
scores at club dances. lie is gallant to the ladies, attentive to strangers, and all 
in all, is a "duced clever fellow," He loves self-reliance as the son of Erin loved 
solitude, ad est, with his crony or his sweetheart. Whetlier he is a laborer or a 
banker, he manages to get away with three S(piare meals per diem. He frec^uently 
wears a respectable mustache, generally shaves his chin, never wears gloves during 
l)usiness liours, always keeps the side-walk, owns his turn-out, which sometimes 
being a phaeton, he permits his matronly and excellent better-half to drive down and 
escort him homeward ; he is an irreclaimable literary cliei?t of the Enquirer-Sun 
ov Ledyer ; he takes great interest in politics, but never allows public matters to 
interfere with business ; always goes to church on Sunday, and during the week 
patronizes amusements of first-class and acknowledged merit ; in short, he is ever 
on the alert, and prone to do things that will promote the city's interest and 
glorify her commercial condition. Such a people are necessarily practical, since 
the executive faculty under such conditions is too important for work to allow 
attention to what is not visibly practical. It is attributable to such characteristics, 
perhaps, that our city has progressed and prospered as she has, for undoubtedly 
a fair degree of the very best enterprise of the country is seated in Columbus. 



THANSPORTATIOK FACILITIES. 

The position of Columbus on the banks of the Chattahoochee river, gives 
her advantages Avhich few cities of the South command. Her location with 
respect to the Avhole extent of the country embraced in the Chattahoochee Valley, 
and extending to that portion of the country traversed by the many streams 
tributary and made tributary to her by means of her river, is of such a peculiar 
character, that when viewed with reference to her natural means of intercourse 
with the States within these boundaries, she stands in a position both to demand 
and con)mand the entire trade of this vast territory. The increasing demand for 
cheap transportation, and, in fact all transportation arising out of the multi])lying 
wants of the growing population of the various sections of the nation, must, at 
an early day, cause tlie Chattahoochee to be made as fully available for transpor- 
tation as it is possible for engineering skill to render it. The Chattahoochee is 
the dividing line between Georgia and Alabama, with a navigable length of 228^ 
miles; the Flint, witli a length of 261 miles; and the Apalachicola, 137 miles, 
have shown each year a ])rompt return in the increase of commerce as the work 
of improvement went on ; and what has been done in the past is but a slight indi- 
cation of what will ])e the result when, Avith navigation unimpeded, and schedules 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AlSfD INDUSTRIES. 



25 



of our boats as reliable as they will be, the country bordering on our streams 
settled with an industrious population, and all our country receiving the full benefit 
of these water-ways so favorably placed for use and benefit. The improvement 
of the navigation of the Chattahoochee has, in past years, been so strongly pressed 
upon Congress, that the Chattahoochee Valley Improvement Commission will no 
doubt soon perfect plans and secure an appropriation sufficiently large to enable 
them to make the river navigable at all seasons of the year. 

RAILROAD INTERESTS, 

To the railroad interests of the city, the past year has been of the utmost 
importance, as it has marked throughout the country a period of remarkable 




IIILTOX— PROPERTY' OF MUSCOGEE KE\L ESTATE COMPANY, EA8T niGHLAXDS. 

prosperity to the railroads in general. During almost the entire year the roads 
concentrating in the city have been taxed to their full capacity, and in some 
instances beyond their facilities, to perform the work. Both passengers and 
freight have greatly increased, especially the former, and it may be stated, with- 
out any exaggeration, tliat the railroads in which Columbus is interested have 
never before been in a more prosperous condition. Not only has there been more 
to do, but the physical condition of the property has been better than at any 
previous period. The past few years have witnessed remarkable development, 
not only in the railroads actually running into Columbus, but in those that, in 
other Southern States, had apparently no definite termini, and formed merely a 

(C) 



26 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



disjointed system of railways, each looking out for its own local interests. The 
o-reat railroad manager of the age suddenly appeared in the field, and although 
he did not commence his work in this immediate section, his gigantic operations, 
Avhether in the North, West, the far West, or in Mexico, have all had a direct 
bearing upon Columbus The rapid manner in which he obtained control of road 
after road, and combined them into vast but harmonious co-operative systems, was 
suddenly followed in the South by several bold railway managers; and the pro- 
duct has been the combination of numerous short and weak roads into long and 
self-sustaining trunk lines, reaching from the lakes to the Gulf, from the Missis- 
sippi to the Atlantic. The establishment of these trunk lines has produced a 
wonderful activity in railroad circles, the benefits of which to the South in 
the purchase of new material, laying new and re-laying old tracks, securing a 
host of new locomotives and cars, and engaging thousands of additional employees? 
have been sustained by the competition natural between such strong and wealthy 
corporations to add new lines, new territory, and new trade to their resources. 

THE GEORGIA CENTRAL RAILROAD, 

The Georgia Central system stands more prominent than any other great 
system in the South, and it is largely due to the Central Railroad and Banking 
Company of Georgia that Columbus is to-day one of the most flourishing cities 
in the South. Instead of taking from Columbus her retail trade, the Central 
Railroad has enabled Columbus to become the great manufacturing centre that it 
is. It has given her prominence over other places to which she never could have 
attained with the miles of iron track, reaching out like so many arteries from the 
heart, over which course the pulses of trade as measured by the country. The 
Central system proper is 1,043 miles long, and embraces the following: 



From Savannah to Macon 193 

Macon to Atlanta 104 

Milledgeville to Gordon 17 

Coliinibas and Western 89 

Columbus and Rome 50 

Augusta and Savannah 53 

Eatonton Branch 22 

Southwestern and Branches. 321 



Montgomery and Eufaula 80 

Mobile and Girard 85 

Port Royal and Augusta 245 

Upson County IG 

Savannah and North Alabama 00 

Ocean steamship 250 



Making Total 1,643 

COLUMBUS AND WESTERN RAILROAD. 

This road is a part of the Georgia Central system, and is one of the best 
equipped roads out of Columbus, and places this city in direct communication 
with Birmingham, Montgomery and Atlanta. At Birmingham it forms a connec- 
tion with the Birmingham, Memphis and Atlantic Railway, thus making the 
shortest line from Kansas City to New York. By this road, Columbus is con- 
nected with all the important cities of the North-West on a direct line. 

MOBILE AND GIRARD RAILROAD. 

The Mobile and Girard Railroad is one of the most important tributaries to 
the city of Columbus. It is embraced in the Central System, and has been 
leased to the Central for a period of ninety-nine years. This road extends from 
Columbus to Troy, Ala., a distance of eighty -five miles, and in as good condition 



COMMEKCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 27 



as any road in the country. The Mobile and Girard has been under the control 
of the Central for a number of years, and while this has been the case, the people 
of Columbus have much cause for congratulation in the liberal policy adopted. 
Since the road has been leased there is none other than the highest commenda- 
tion for the course pursued, as it is believed that it will be for the best interest of 
the stockholders, the Central Railroad, Columbus and all concerned. There is a 
clause in the lease which gives the Central authority to extend it, if so desired, 
and as a commercial move it Avas to the interest of the Central to extend it, 
and it has been done. 

GEORGIA MIDLAND AND GULF RAILROAD. 

This road can be strictly called a Columbus enterprise, for it it is to the 
untiring eftbrts of some of her leading citizens that the road was built and e([uip- 
ped. The road was built by the Georgia Midland Construction Company, which 
was chartered by the State with an authorized capital of ipl,000,000. The road 
extends from Columbus to Griffin, where it connects with the Georgia Central 
for Atlanta and all points in Southern Georgia, South Carolina and Florida. At 
Columbus it connects with the Alabama Western for Montgomery, Mobile, New 
Orleans and. Texas ; Columbus and Western for Birmingham, with the Mobile and 
Girard for Eastern and Central Alabama, and with the extension of this line to 
Albany will connect at that point with the Georgia Central for Savannah, with 
the Brunswick and Western to Brunswick, and with the Savannah, Florida and 
Western to Savannah, Fernandina and Jacksonville ; at Jacksonville with the 
Florida Railway and Navigation Company to Cedar Keys, and the Jacksonville, 
Tampa Bay and Key West Railway to Tampa Bay, and thence by ocean steamer 
to Key West and the West Indies. It is the best built road to-day in the South, 
and has been constructed with such economy as to astonish even expert con- 
tractors. It has standard steel rails, iron bridges throughout, and is the smoothest 
roadbed and best equipped road in the South. It traverses the garden spot of 
Georgia, and a section of country that has only needed railroad facilities to 
develop the finest country in the South — a country of excellent water, exhilarat- 
ing climate, productive lands and fine timber. 

COLUMBUS AND ROME RAILROAD. 

This is a narrow gauge, and extends from Columbus to Greenville, in Meri- 
wether county. The road was originally contemplated to be built to Rome, a dis- 
tance of 125 miles. The road is now operated to Greenville, and brings more 
cotton to Columbus annually than any of the other roads. It was asserted some 
time ago that this road would be extended to Atlanta, but if such a thing was ever 
contemplated it seems to have been abandoned. And this will, no doubt, be con- 
ceded a good thing for Columbus, as well as a wise one for the Central Railroad, 
as all the cotton in the sections of country contiguous to the line now finds its 
way to this market, and aids materially in swelling our receipts. The road is in 
splendid condition, and the amount of business done over it is enormous. It is 
an exceedingly popular road, is run under the right kind of management, and is a 
blessing to Columbus. 



28 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



THE COLUMBUS SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 

This road runs via Albany to Brunswick, and via Americus to Savannah. 
It is an im])ortant outlet for the city, 

THE BUENA VISTA AND ELLAVILLE RAILWAY. 

This is a part of the Georgia Central system, and extends to Americus. The 
road is now in complete running order, and has some important connections. 

THE CHATTANOOGA, ROME AND COLUMBUS RAILWAY, 

Is another important outlet to the city, and when fully completed to its 
intended terminus, will be of great value to the already large railway system of 
Columbus. 

THE DUMMY LINE. 

Connecting with all the railroads entering the city, is a Belt Dummy Line, 
owned by the Columbus Railway Company. It extends through the city and 




MAGNOLIA— PHOl'EKTY OK MISCOGEK REAL ESTATE COMPANY, EAST II ICll LANDS. 

suburbs, and is used for passenger trafic, and for delivering car-load lots of freight 
direct to and from the stores and mills of the city. The value of this line to the 
wholesale and manufacturing interests can scarcely be estimated, as it facilitates 
the handling of freights, and saves a large bill of expense for extra handling and 
hauling. The Compan}- are so accommodating that they agree to put in side 
tracks in any portion of the city, into the yards or warehouses of any firm 
desiring them. 



COMMEKCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 29 

And now, with this wide-spreading, comprehensive system of transportation, 
together with our water facilities, to make trihutary to our market the riches of 
the vast scope of country in which we are located, developing our own unrivaled 
resources, and distributing far and wide our products in manufactures and com- 
merce, who can portray in word-picturing the grand and brilliant future in store 
for this beautiful city, or doubt that it is destined to rank prominent among the 
proud array of American cities whose towering strength makes them the marvel 
of the entire world. 



COLUMBUS AS A COTTON MARKET. 

This city has always ranked as the best cotton market in the South, and the 
receipts during the past year have demonstrated that she is holding on to her 
reputation. The cotton year closes on the last day of August, therefore, we can 
only give the official figures for 1890-91, taken from the Enquirer-Sun of 
September 1, 189L : 

RECEIPTS. 

Railroad 37,144 

Wagon 29,148 

River 22,560 

Total receipts 88,852 

COTTON SHIPMENTS. 

By rail 66,333 

By factories 19,041 

River 2,774 

Total shipments 88, 148 

STATEMENT. 

stock on hand August 31, 1889 500 

Received during 1889-90 88,152—89,443 

Shipments 88,148 

Stock August 31, 1891 1,294 

STOCK IN WAREHOUSES. 

The folio wino; is the stock on hand at the various warehouses at the close of 
business last night : 

Planters 205 

Alston 61 

Lowell 585 

Fontaine 193 

Webster 250 

Total 1,294 

THROUGH COTTON. 

The through cotton since August 31, 1891, which is cotton shipped from 

other points, compressed in Columbus and shipped to Savannah, thence to New 

York, Eastern spinners and Liverpool, amounts to 96,502 bales, divided, as follows: 

Columbus and Western road 57,320 

Mobile and Girard road 7,222 

Columbus and Rome road 13,708 

W^estern Railway of Alabama 17,947 

Buena Vista and EUaville road 305 

Total 96,502 



•)<» t'OLUMBUS, GEORGIA — IIHR 



There are three compresses in this city, with a capacity of pressing 2,400 
bales per ctay, and in tlie busy season they work both day and night. 

There are seven large cotton Avarehouses in the city, with a capacity for 
storing 55,000 bales of cotton. These warehouses are substantially built, and 
made as near fire proof as it is possible. 



THE JOBBING TRADE OF COLUMBUS. 

In taking up this department of our labors, wo propose demonstrating, so far 
as our power lies, the vantage ground Columbus occupies, and the facilities she 
possesses for the conduct of a successful commerce, not only respecting those 
articles of manufactured goods turned out from lier industrial establishments, Itut 
to include all goods imported from other markets, whether of domestic or foreign 
production. Our mammoth establishments for the sale of dry goods, groceries, 
hardware, boots and shoes, drugs, queensware and all the articles that go to make 
up a general merchandise trade, contain immense stocks of every description, and 
are conducted by merchants of acknowledged probity, energy, intelligence and 
wealth — many of whom were engaged in business here previous to the war — 
while a host of new houses have sprung up, increasing competition and imparting 
renewed vigor to the sinews of trade, which were impaired by the terrible con- 
vulsions of civic strife. They have thus confidently entered the list of commer- 
cial rivalry with tlie merchants of the Eastern cities, having themselves })erfected 
an-angements with the manufacturers of the United States and foreign countries, 
gaining f;icilities thereby of utmost importance. 

Formerly, it was the custDm of buying stocks twice a year (spring and sum- 
mei-, fall and winter), but this plan has been completely changed, and assortments 
are now kept up by making purchases oftener — say, every month or two — and the 
Conclusion is, that "old goods" are rarely, if ever, on hand, and articles are not 
handled in the store six months, are kept cleaner and brighter and more attractive. 
If, then, the retailer who visits New York and the East cannot afford to go oftener 
tban twice a year, he suffers loss by being "behind the fashion" if he does not 
go, and loses money and traveling expenses if he does go. If he is an expe- 
rienced merchant he may perform the labor of selecting without any serious det- 
riment ; but even then it is a labor, and consumes all the difference in profit he 
would gain l)y purchasing in a nearer market. If he is inexperienced, he is 
likely to be led into the purchase of goods which will prove entirely unsalable, 
and tlie loss thereto incident may ])rove a serious drawback upon the success of a 
whole season's business. Hence, it is oltvious that a purchaser of a miscellaneous 
stock, including everything adapted to the wants of a rural town or city poj)ula- 
tion in the country, must be, when in Columbus, as near the most desiralde mar- 
ket as it is possible for him to get. 

The only practical (juestion for a retailer to consider, then, is, whether it is 
probable he can make his purchases in the Columbus market as cheaply as in any 
other. This we assert he can do, and we leave it to the consideration of those 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 31 



who study and appreciate commercial economy. To our own personal knowledge 
it has been already forcibly and eloquently demonstrated. Is it not probable, then, 
that the merchants of Columbus, in view of their advantages, consignments from 
abroad seeking their shelves, with abundance of capital and good credit, can buy 
and sell on terms as favorable as any of their competitors ? 

There are a great many other local advantages that might be placed to the 
credit side of our account, but such as we have omitted here will be spoken of in 
detail in other portions of our book. Those we have considered, however, are 
entitled to the closest consideration of the country merchant. 

THK WIIOLESALE DRY (JOODS AND NOTIONS TRADE. 

The trade in dry goods, considered as a branch of commerce, is the most 
important of any now existing in this country. It controls a greater amount of 
capital, employs a larger number of persons, and contributes a gi'eater value of 
commodities than any other branch of mercantile pursuit. 

In the dry goods line, perhaps, more than any other, energy and capacity 
decide the success of the business man, for it is a business recjuiring great judg- 
ment in the selection of stock, as well as resolution in general management. To 
buy at the right time, and the right classes of goods to suit the trade, and in 
proper quantities, as well as to gather the custom to take the goods, require no 
ordinary class of ability. Commercial prosperity is largely due to the business 
men who control this interest, for they have shown a degree of ability and energy 
in building up tiie wholesale dr}' goods trade of this city surpassed nowhere in 
the country. 

Our jobbing trade has a bright record for the past year ; no failures, increase 
of territory yearly, a steady increase of sales, consequently increase of stocks 
and facilities of doing business. It to-day looks forward to the time when it will 
make Columbus- tiie Southern market for dry goods and notions for the States of 
Alabama, Florida and Georgia. If push, capital, accommodation, stocks and 
prices to meet the wants of the trade mean anything, then it will be done in the 
near future. 

Three exclusively wholesale and importing houses are engaged in the trade, 
besidesthirty-three wholesale and retail, and retail houses, making a total of thirty- 
six houses engaged in the dry goods and notions business. The total business, accord- 
ing to the data we have obtained, foots up to the enormous sum of $3, 787, 94-5. 
Some of the retail establishments are mammoth concerns, several of them employ- 
ing at least fifty clerks, etc., each. These stocks in general are of the finest and 
most fashionable kinds, and the stores are generally filled Avith customers. 

THE WHOLESALE (iROCERY TRADE. 

In its wholesale branch, the grocery trade of Columbus engages the atten- 
tion of more merchants than any other one vocation. In the city's crowded 
thoroughfares may be found its spacious warehouses, one day being filled, and the 
next day, as it were, emptied of their immense stocks, for, of all. the mercantile 
pursuits, none surpasses this branch for vivasity and bustle. On every street and 



32 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



thoroughfare one encounters the throngs of well-laden drays and ponderous 
floats, rolling ceaselessly and noisily in their busy career, which, mino-led and 
confused with the emphatic and sometimes profane ejaculations of the almost 

innumerable army of teamsters, and draymen, and porters, and laborers all 

highly essential features of the trade — present a truthful panorama of a com- 
mercial Bable, 
y e t everything 
moves with the 
r e g u 1 a r i t y of 
clock-work. 

Splendidly ar- 
ranged and capa- 
cious buildino;s, 
in keeping with 
the demands of 
■2 the trade, have 
2 been erected in 
g the leading marts 
^ New sections of 
'£ country have 
- been made tribu- 
^ tary, until now 
^^ the l»us ine ss 
5 stands out bold 
y and prominent, 
^ symbolizing that 
^ eminent (luality 
of go-all eadative- 
noss that charac- 
terizes the Col- 
uml)us wholesale 
grocery trade, 
either as individ- 
ual firms, or 
taken as a fra- 
tcrnity. The 

total number of 

wholesale grocery tinus in the city is thiiti.n. ^ \ ,ii w in. Icsale and retail grocers, 
making a total of twenty firms carrying on the wholesale grocery business. 
Besides these, there are one hundred and fiftv-four retail jirocers in the citv, 
making a total of one hundred and seventy-four firms engaged in selling groce- 
ries in this city, the aggregate sales amounting to $6,284,312 i>er annum. Our 
wholesale grocery business is governed 1)y cai)italists and merciiants of long 
experience, who sujijily themselves in largest (juantities from original sources. 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 33 



The low rates of freight to Coluiul>u.s 1)y ear-load lots, strengthened by purchases 
of large invoices and their corresponding discounts, give our wholesale grocers 
the opportiniity of dividing the goods to retailers* and country merchants at as 
low or lower figures than small or moderate (|uantities can be bought at any 
other competing ])oint. The rapidity Avith wliich goods can reach interior points 
obviates the necessity of laying in larger stocks than are wanted for immediate 
use, which is a very decided advantage to the retailer, as it prevents the accumu- 
lation of old stocks, which is a dead weight in business. 

THE WHOLESALE CLOTHING TRADE. 

Ready-made clothing in Columbus, as well as in all jobbing markets occupies 
an important position among business pursuits. It has extended to all sections of 
the country, limiting the country merchants' sale of piece goods for men's and 
boys' wear, compelling tailors, in some instances, to abandon their trade and 
embark in the business themselves, or seek other employment. The introduction 
of sewing machines to this class of work, has greatly facilitated rapid and durable 
manufacture, and brought clothing down in price to a wonderful degree. Country 
merchants, who have been careful in the selection of sizes and styles, have found 
that the sale of clothing can be effected with less trouble than piece goods, and 
without the serious drawback of remnants ; that there is less competition ; that 
t'heir daily receipts of cash are thereby increased, as well as other advantages. 
Indeed, so satisfactory and lucrative has this business proven, that as an addi- 
tional illustration of the tendency of the age to increased manufactured articles, 
mention may be made of shirt-making, and of those branches, including men's 
and boys' underwear, which form important adjuncts to the business. Connected 
with this department, gents' furnishing goods, embracing neckwear, handker- 
chiefs, gloves, hosiery, etc., etc., come in for a large share of attention. 

The Columbus market will favorably compare in this respect with any in 
extensive and varied stocks, in quality, style, workmanship, "fit," reasonable 
price and fair dealing. Three firms in the city are wholesaling clothing, and 
there are quite a number of retail firms who are not averse to selling a bill to 
country merchants. The total business in clothing Ave estimate to be about 
;^T60,000 per annum. 

WHOLESALE ROOTS AND SHOES. 

Not less important than the wholesale clothing trade is that of boots and 
shoes, Avhich has also had a wonderful growth in the last few years. Like the 
old, slow-coach method of making our wearing apparel by hand, the cobbler's 
bench, with its accompanying "kit," which, not many years ago, was an essential 
feature upon almost every plantation, as Avell as a fixture of every city, town or 
cross-road hamlet, has "had to go" the way of old-time customs. The advance 
of progress, Avith its pOAverful equipment of labor-saving machinery, hesitates not 
to destroy ruthlessly the Avell-loved images of our earlier recollections. But 
regrets are soon dissipated by the blessings Avhich fiow from Avhat — at the time — 
is looked upon as tantamount to vandalism. This is fully demonstrated in the fact 
that ninety per cent, of the boots and shoes now Avorn are factory-made, and as a 



34 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



result the world receives coQipensation in a nmltitude of ways, and to an extent 
that could never possibly have been hoped for from the ancient system. The 
manifold benefits derived by our city from this important branch of business may 
be conceived, from the immense annual sales made by the dealers in this city, 
footing up over $1,250,000, and yearly being augmented by the expanding trade, 
which is reaching out in every direction through the country now tributary to us, 
and being added to by the further increase of transportation facilities There are 
thirty-nine firms selling boots and shoes in this city — two ]»eing jobbers. The 
stocks are all complete and suited to the wants of the Southern trade. 

WHOLESALE HATS AND CAPS. 

In this line we have one wholesale establishment, but the stock is carried in 




RESIDKNCE H. .1. ARBiiTT, EA.ST IIIGULANDS. 

connection with dry goods and notions, but is full and complete, and sold at prices 
as favorable to the purchaser as any other Southern city can boast. Besides the 
house mentioned, we have nine firms engaged in retailing hats and caps in connec- 
tion with other goods. The trade in this line is in an exceedingly prosperous 
condition, and the annual oj)erations of the establishments engaged in it show that 
their growth is healthy, as well as rapid. The sales will average .fr)00,0OU. 

WHOT-ESAI.K DRlliS, I'ALXTS, ETC. 

TiOng l)ef(»re the wholesaling of goods of this line was ever thought of as 
a distinct business, or even considered in conil)ination with any other branch in 
this city, the great houses of the Kast had already establisheil themselves firmly, 



COMMERCK, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES, 85 

as thev thought, in the trade of this whole rei^ioii of country; so that, for every 
(hillar's worth of custom the liouses of this city o))taiiie(I, they liad to contend 
Avith giants already in tlie field. The same condition of attaii's, however, held 
good in all hranches of our wholesale ti-ade, hut the enterprise, vim, and deter- 
mined efforts of our drug men have resulted in the most pronounced success, just 
as the outcome of energies ];ut in every other dejjartment has brought ))ros])erity 
to those so engaged. Those houses dealing in this line have, by their skill as 
])harmacists and chemists, and tlieir thorougli knowledge of the Avants of the 
])eople in the teri-itory tributary to this city, succeeded in fvdly establishing 
themselves in the good estimation of their patrons, and building u]) a trade ■which 
will not in any wise suffer by comp-arison, i-elatively speaking, with the immense 
establishments of the large Kastei-n cities. Carrying nothing but the fi-eshest 
and piirest goods in the way of drugs, kee];ing every department in their line up 
to the highest standard, and with ample cajjital, their stocks are constantly 
enlarging, and their trade extending and growing heavier. . There are two whole- 
sale houses in this city, besides eighteen retail druggists. Tlie annual transac- 
tions will average S68"J,()()0. 

TiiK w ii(»LKSAr,K r,r<.,>r(ii! trade. 

The rKpu)r business is <^ne to be found every whei-e, go where you will, and 
notwithstanding it is one which beai-s the unenviable re)»utation, in all quarters of 
the globe, as being a destroyer of mankind — not without good reason, it is true 
— and p.aradoxical although it may lie, we find it not infre(pientlv in advance of 
civilization, and ((//ra//s keeping abreast with the \anguard of progress. It is 
a source of undoubted wealth to all our cities, and contributes unipiestioned 
strength and general j)rosperity to the conuuerce and industries of all commu- 
nities. Candidly s];eaking, it is an evil, hydra-headed, and more venemous than 
the tooth of any sei'jsent that drags its cold and clanuny folds over the bosom of 
this kindly earth, wlien abused liy fallen manhood, and it is this maltreatment of 
an article, which evidently was not created foi- a lianeful j>ur]!ose, and which we 
know contains elements highly Iteneficial to the world at large, that has brought 
odium ujjon the name, and woes unniunbered ujion the luiman race, individiudly 
and collectively. 

Fortunately, however, for our city, the trade has always been in the hands 
of perfectly honorable business men, and being not less enterprising and public- 
spirited than they are upright in character and dealings, they have succeeded in 
establishing an exceptionally high reputation for their business throughout the 
entire country tributary to the trade of this city. The stocks kept here equal 
those to be found in any city of the country in (|uality, both in imported and 
domestic goods, and they also compare favorably in extent, while the assortment 
is full and complete in all the various brands of wines, brandies and li(j[Uors. The 
high standard of goods has made this point a wholesale centre for the trade, (|uite 
extensive in proi)ortions, and highly profitable to those engaged in it. The annual 
transactions foot up $480,000. 



36 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



WHOLESALE HARDAVARE, ETC, 

This department of trade embraces hardware, heavy iron, steel, hollowware, 
tinware, etc., and very properly deserves a prominent place among the pioneer 
jobbing lines of the city, having been among the first to take the field against 
older and established points. However, it has advanced with steady strides, and 
is now one of the solid interests of the city. Experience has fully demonstrated 
the fact that it cannot only be carried on here with success in the face of all com- 
petition, but that it is one of the most prosperous and profitable lines of trade we 
have. Notwithstanding the formidable proportions the trade has already reached, 
there is abundance of room for a large increase of the business. Indeed, no 
point in the country offers better inducements than this as the centre of the hard- 
ware business. Last year the total sales amounted to not less than $630,000, 
and very possibly the actual total exceeds these figures. One thing is assured 
beyond all question of doubt, that the future of the trade here is of the most 
promising character, and must reach that high degree of prominence which the 
grand facilities of the locality will fully sustain, and which the entire country 
tributary to our market demands. There are five houses engaged in the wholesale 
and retail hardware business. 

WHOLESALE CKJARS, TOBACCO, ETC. 

There is a large business transacted in this city in the above lines. Nearly 
all of the wholesale grocers carry heavy lines of both foreign and domestic cigars, 
and all of the leading brands of chewing and smoking tobaccos. Then, there is 
one firm engaged exclusively in the wholesaling of tobacco and cigars. To sepa- 
rate this branch from the other lines dealt in would be an endless task, therefore, 
we can only approximate the sales and place them at §300,000 per annum. 

MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 

Columbus has three houses engaged in the sale of music and musical instru- 
ments. Stocks are not only extensive, but represent the best quality of goods ; 
rare collections of sheet music, adopted to all manner of instruments, with 
immense stocks of pianos, organs, melodeons, violins, flutes, guitars, banjos, 
accordeons, german silver, brass and field band instruments, strings, musical 
goods of every variety, from a reed fife to the most elaborately finished and finely 
cased rose-wood piano, representing all of the most popular and celebrated manu- 
factures in the country, and brought to this city in all forms — grand, square and 
upright. The trade in tliis business will amount to fully §220,000. 

ROOKS AND STATIONERY. 

The character and standing of those houses engaged in this trade is well and 
favorably known throughout tliis section, and their enterprise and liberality to 
the trade has kept abreast of our great advancement. The business is in a 
healthy condition, and dealers report a large per cent, of gain over the business 
of preceding years. 

THE FURNITURE TRADE. 

There are a number of substantial firms engaged in the above business in 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 37 

Columbus. The businCvSS is iu the hands of men of probity and reliability. 
There are eight fi-ms, whose annual transactions will reach $250,000. 

FRUITS AND CONFECTIONERIES. 

There is considerable business carried on in the above line in this city. Tiie 
stocks carried are full and complete, and all kinds of fruit find a ready sale here. 
Our dealers are always in the lead in securing the first of the season, which com- 
mands good prices. In confections, the stocks carried are large and varied, and 
always fresh. The business is in the hands of honorable and upright dealers and 
will average $120,000. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

In addition to the leading lines of the wholesale business which we have 
briefly alluded to, there are, of course, a large number of other branches, such as 
are always to be found clustered at a large wholesale centre, which contributes 
largely to the general prominence aAd financial prosperity of the community, and 
its commerce and industries. 

But while we cheerfully accord to those varied lines of our commerce the 
meed of praise they so justly deserve for their generous contributions to the 
wealth of the city by their vast sales, annually aggregating millions of dollars, 
Ave have not the space to take them up separately and seriatum, giving to each 
the extended notice its intrinsic value so highly merits. Suffice it to say that 
they all are in an exceedingly prosperous condition, and that they are extending 
their trade in every direction with great enterprise and commendable energy. 

In conclusion, it can be said with truth and pride that, as a wholesale point 
for the establishment of any branch of commerce, no city is this country can 
boast advantages superior to those centered in this particular portion of the Sunny 
South, and which are steadily building up — making broad, firm and solid the 
financial integrity, honor, wealth and enduring greatness of the Queen City of 
the South. 



THE RETAIL TRADE OF COLUMBUS. 

It is not expected that a detailed statement could be made of the retail trade 
here in its various departments. Such a paper, fully elaborated, would by far 
too greatly transcend the limits not already occupied in this work, delay its 
appearance, and demand a personal sacrifice of time and means which cannot now 
be entertained. Our patrons and readers Avill be content, we are certain, Avith a 
general outline of it, as furnishing an indication as to its extent and importance. 

The benefits of a healthy and progressive retail trade to a city are not easily 
summed up or disposed of in a few words. It not only supplies the city and 
country demand, but the inducements which it offers bring hither thousands upon 
thousands of dollars from all portions of the surrounding country tributary to this 
market, by means of convenient railroads and river communication. Every 
species of goods, from the plain and common to the most superb and costly articles, 



38 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA— rllER 



are to be obtained bere at prices wbicb are tbe same as Eastern retail figures, 
and we believe every article in general use can be found. Tbe retail mercbants 
of this city are, as a body, men of intelligence and business qualifications, and 
constitute an element in our midst wbicb adds mucb to tbe vigor, prosperity and 
growth of our city. Their establishments are scattered over every quarter — in the 
business centres and in tlie sul)nrb3 — everywliere a group of dwellings may be 

found, some en- 
terprising retail- 
er has set up his 
sign as a land- 
mark of the ex- 
tending frontiers 
of ci vilization, 
and while driving 
a good business 
for himself, is ad- 
(lino; something!; 
to the grand ag- 
o;re crate of bustle 
and importance of 
tbe city. Al- 
though there are 
a great many of 
these houses 
keeping miscel- 
laneous stocks, 
yet we feel con- 
fident the follow- 
in"; figures wi 11 
approximate the 
true number, and 
for tbe most part 
those that have 
not been men- 
tioned before. 
Altogether there 
are about o3 firms 
retailing dry 
goods ; boots and 

shoes, and leather, 37 ; clothing and furnishing goods, 10; drugs, 18 ; groceries, 
158; saloons and restaurants, 38; bakers, 4; barbers, 21; blacksmiths, 11; 
butchers, 17 ; besides a numerous array of miscellaneous bouses, so varied that 
it would be a herculean task to give a clear idea of their pursuits. After having 
made a careful summary, we are able to j)lace the retail establishments, all 




COMxMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 39 

branches included, at not less than six hundred and twenty-two. We hardly feel 
like attempting an estimate of their business, for anything short of a complete 
census would be incomplete, for the man has yet to be born, and besides be vouch- 
safed prying qualities and inquisitiveness supernatural, to enable hira to form any 
correct idea of trades where large dealers have a horror of tax-gatherers, and 
small dealers a penchant for making their business appear as large as possible, 
and oftentimes, swelling their volume beyond such reason that even a newspaper 
reporter would be put to blush ; and yet, for the sake of a little mathematical 
calculation, even if we cut down the receipts of the houses to ^50 per day each, 
for 300 days of the year, we have an annual miscellaneous retail trade of more 
than 7iine millions of dolhirs. 



MANUFACTURES AND MANUFACTURING ADVAN- 
TAGES OF COLUxMBUS. 

CAUSES OF SUCCESS. 

It is an axiom, as true as trite, that no city has been or can be permanently 
})rosperous without manufactures. A prosperity based exclusively upon a com- 
mercial business must necessarily be ephemeral. A city which, for instance, 
depends upon any one or more of the great agricultural staples for support, busi- 
ness and growth is liable to become paralyzed in her energies and interests, not 
only by failure in the production of such staples, but from tlieir diversion to other 
points where eligibility gives them the advantage and preference as markets. 
Such, also, are the fluctuations in the price of articles of produce that no cer. 
tainty of successful operations can be relied upon, and when uncertain, feverish 
and exciting speculation underlies the business of any community or city, there is 
no guarantee of permanent prosperity ; whereas, where manufacturing is carried 
on successfully there is a steady, healthful and substantial growth. These facts, 
then, however unwelcome they may be to strictly commercial men, prompt us to 
the consideration of Columbus as a manufacturing point. 

The term manufacture, in its derivative sense, signifies making hy hand. 
Its modern acceptation, is directly the reverse of its original meaning, and it is 
now applied moi-e particularly to those products which are made extensively by 
machinery, without much aid from manual labor. The word, therefore, is an 
exceedingly flexible one, and, as political economist do not agree in opinion 
whether millers and bakers are properly manufacturers or not, we shall, if need 
be, take advantage of the uncertainty and consider as manufacturers what strictly 
may belong to other classifications of productive industry. 

The end of every manufacturer is to increase the utility of objects by modi- 
fying their external form or changing their internal constitution, and that the 
labors of both millers and bakers effect these things stand undisputed. Political 
economists also divide the essential re(iiuisites of production into two parts, viz.: 
labor and appropriate natural objects. ]jut when apj)lied to manufacturing indus- 



40 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



try, "success," they say, "depends upon a variety, or rather combination of 
circumstances, partly moral and partly physical." Foremost among the former 
are freedom of industry and security of property. Happily for us that our 
republican form of government not only protects, but fosters and encourages 
industry, while true republican principles make its faithful pursuit the "open 
sesame" to the enjoyments of its manifold benefits; and property is adequately 
protected by governmental and legislative action, wherever honesty is the ruling 
policy. Another moral cause contributing, and in fact essential to eminence in 
manufacturing industry, is the general diffusion of intelligence among the people. 
By intelligence, in this connection, we do not mean merely the understanding 
necessary to enable an individual to become the maker or master of a machine 




KESIDKNCE OK GRKJSliV I'.. TUoMAS, Jit. 

— for capacity to contrive and invent seems a part of the original constitution of 
man — but simply the exercise of ids faculties in the applicsHion of practical 
improvements upon successful enterprise in invention or mechanical labor, and the 
approbation and rewards bestowed thereupon. The eminent position at present 
occupied by the New England and other manufacturing States, are due rather to 
their sound, intelligent and practical philosopliy than to any physical advantages 
or original intellectual superiority. 

As ingenious mechanics and rapid workmen the Anglo-Americans have no 
superiors. As skilled workmen in departments for which tliey have been specially 
educated, the English are celebrated. Regular and habitual energy in labor, how- 
ever, is a characteristic of both. They have no life but in their work — no enjoyment 
but in the shop. What other races consider amusement, is no amusement to them. 
But in England and America there is a marked difference between the quality of 
the labor that can be obtained in the country and in the towns. In fact, in or 
near large cities only can labor of the first (piality be obtained. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 41 

As iron sharpenetli iron, so a man sharpeneth the countenance of his friends; 
and away from the centres of population and competition the face looseth its 
sharpness and the hand its cunning. Cities are in nothing more remarkable than 
in their attractive, magnetic influence upon talent of every discription. 

"The man who desires to employ his pen," observes Carey, "and who 
possesses only the ability to conduct a country newspaper, removes to the inte- 
rior, while the man of talent leaves his country paper to take charge of one in 
the city. The dauber of portraits leaves the city to travel the country in search 
of employment, while the painter removes to New York or London." 

Superior mechanics and dexterous workmen manifest a similar prefer 
ence for cities and an abhorrence for isolation ; hence, if for no other reason, 
extensive mechanical or manufacturing operations must be conducted at a great 
disadvantage in isolated localities. 

Passing to the consideration of the physical causes of eminence in manufac- 
turing industry, we remark: They are more obvious than the moral causes, but 
not more important. To produce manufactured goods of a given quality with 
the least expense being the great disidteratum, it follows that whatever con- 
tributes to economy in production, whaever saves labor, or transportation, or 
raw material, cannot safely be overlooked or dispised. But to investigate care- 
fully all the circumstances that have an influence upon economical production 
would require a considerable volume and be foreign to our main inquiry. The 
physical advantages which have contributed to England's eminence in manufac- 
tures, and which, we think, would aj^jjly as well to our country, are epitomized 
by the Edinhurg Revieiv in the following summary : 

" Possession of surplus of raw material used in manufacturing ; the command 
of natural means and agents best fitted to produce power ; the position of the 
country as respects others, and the natui'e of the soil and climate." "As respects 
the first of these circumstances,"' says the writer, " every one who reflects on the 
nature, value, and importance of our manufactures of wool, of the useful metals, 
such as iron, lead, tin, copper, and of leather, flax, and so forth, must at once 
admit that our success in them has been materially promoted by our having 
abundant supplies of the raw material. It is of less consequence Avhence the 
material of a manufacture, possessing great value in small bulk is derived, 
whether it be furnished from native sources or imported from abroad, though, 
even in that case, the advantage of possessing an internal supply, of which it 
is impossible to be deprived by the jealousy or hostility of foreigners, must not 
be overlooked. But no nation can make any considerable progress in the manu- 
facture of bulky and heavy articles, the conveyance of which to a distance 
unavoidably occasions a large expense, unless she has supplies of the raw material 
Avithin herself. Our superiority in manufactures depends more at this moment 
on our superior machines than anything else ; and had we been obliged to import 
the iron, brass, and steel, of which they were principally made, it is exceedingly 
doubtful whether we should have succeeded in bringing them to anything like the 
present pitch of improvement." 



42 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



"But of all the physical circumstances that have contributed to our wonder- 
ful progress in manufacturing industry, none has had nearly so much influence as 
our possession of the most valuable coal mines. These have conferred advanta- 
ges upon us not enjoyed in an equal degree by any other people. Even though 
we had possessed the most abundant supply of the ores of iron and other useful 
mctal>:, they would have boon of little or no use, but for our own almost 

in e X h a u s t i b 1 e 
coal mines." 

Water power 
was for a long 
time considered 
cheaper, especial- 
h^ for small manu- 
facturing estab- 
lishments, than 
steam power, but 
.; eminent e n g i n- 
5 eers have c a r e- 
S fully investigated 
r the subject, and 
:: are of the opinion 
2 that in any posi- 
^ tion where coal 
Z can be had at 
5 "ten cents per 
'^ bushel," steam 
is as cheap as 
water power at its 
minimum cost. 
Steam, therefore, 
until superceded 
by some more ef- 
fective agent, 
will be the power 
principally relied 
upon to propel 
machinery, and 
as Avood for the 

generation of steam upon an extensive scale is out of the (juestion, we may safely 
conclude that at no very distant day the centre of our manufactures will certainly 
be in or near a district possessing inexhaustible supplies of cheap coal. 

While we concede that coal is a more useful agent in manufactures, still it 
is equally as essential that the supj lies of raw material be near at hand, and we 
assert that it is cheaper to transport the coal to Columbus, even from Tennessee, 




COMMEKCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 43 



and there is plenty of it nearer, than to send the raw cotton to Ncav Encdand to 
be made up. And so it is, despite the pre-eminence of New England, her glory 
is destined soon to be overshadowed, for the sceptre will, ere long, depart from 
Judah and fall into the hands of the cities of the South, for the virtues which 
make a great people are indegenious to our soil, and will animate and ennoble 
our population whenever our capitalists and ingenious men have given its o-reat 
physical advantages the fulfillment of this "manifest destiny." 

With regard to the third point, viz.: favorable situation as respects com- 
merce with other countries, its importance is second only to that whicli we have 
just considered. It is in the nature of manufactures to be regardful of its mar- 
kets, and to supply with cash the demands of these, as well as to obtain the raw 
material on easy terms. Therefore, it is highly important that there should be 
a complete communication with all parts of the adjacent country by rail or river 
and establish commerce, or facilities of commerce therewith. 

A suitable climate is also a consideration of very great importance. The 
influence of climate upon the productiveness of industry, especially in manufac- 
tures, is very marked. In very cold climates the powers of nature are benumbed 
and the difficulty of preserving life overrides all consideration for makino- exis- 
tence comfortable. Climate has also a direct influence upon the durability of 
buildings, the workings of machinery, etc., and thus becomes an element of 
important consideration in many kinds of manufactures. Most writers on the 
subject insist that the soil of a country or district well adopted to manufactures 
need not be naturally very fertile, for when the soil is naturally so rich that 
agriculture is an easy art, it will not aff'ord sustenance to many kinds of manu- 
factures. This, to us, seems a mistaken idea, for it is reasonable to suppose that 
the cost of transportation to and from manufactories, outside, and Ave mifdit sav 
far removed from the districts abounding in raw" materials that enter laro-ely into 
manufactures, could be obviated by the erection of similar manufactories nearer 
to hand. 

Let us now pass to examine the claims of Columbus to the position of a 
manufacturing centre. While we do not claim that tliis city has all the requisites 
for a general manufacturing city, we do claim that for certain articles of manu- 
factured goods we possess all the advantages necessary for the successful prose- 
cution of such business. The centers of wealth, population and intellio-ence in 
the South are not numerous. Communities abounding in iron are few, but we 
have the raw material, the cotton, the wool, the timber. 

Our numerous streams roaring seaward as they go b}' fields white with the 
snow of Southern summers, have been long calling to us in vain to allow them to 
join in the universal anthem of social industry. Capitalists of Columbus saw 
the advantages for large cotton factories, and they have been built, a description 
of which will be found on another page of this work. The jn-ofits of well con. 
ducted Southern factories are so certain and so great that the conversion by us 
of every pound of cotton into fabric is a mere question of time. The supplv is, or 
could be, almost infinite ; and that the demand for cotton fabrics in the same ratio 



44 



COLUMBUS, (lEORGIA HER 



grown Avitliin sight, as it were, of the factory walls, Avould cost the manufacturer 
much less than it does his Eastern rival, even at its minimum value at the mills 
of the latter. The wool of Georgia is unsurpassed ; flax, hemp and tol)acco 
yield the best of crops. Nearly all of the cereals of the United States grow in 
Georgia. Almost all of the valuable varieties of forest trees grow in abun- 
dance in close proximity, and are of easy access by rail or river. In fact, 
the view is propitious for the manufacturer and for the establishment of manu- 
factures from every standpoint. The motives of freedom, the fertility of soil, 
salubrity of climate, facilities for commerce and manufactures, and ease of rail- 
road and Avater transportation, are the natural advantages which invite the capi- 
talist, the tradesman and the manufacturer of every clime and nationality to a 




FRKXCH PLACE— I'UdPKRTY OF IMU8C(lGEE REAL ESTATE COMPAXY. EAST HIGULAXDS. 

home in our midst, to co-o])erate in the development of its measureless resources, 
and to an inriching partici})ation in its prosperity. 

IMMENSE WATER POWER. 

Before quitting the subject of manufactures, it is proper to say that Colum- 
bus has a water power that is a Avonder of the land — that of the Chattahoochee 
river, extending northward over forty miles. It is equal to 1,000,000 horse 
power for the lowest stage, and nearly double that for the average stage. Only 
a small jiortion of this vast power is now utilized. Only one-tenth of the avail- 
able power near the city is now in use, and the field is a most inviting one for 
the establishment of all kinds of manufacturing industries. In this connection, 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



45 



it is a pleasure to state that free sites with railroad froutap;e will he donated all 
Avorthy manufacturing institutions that desire to locate here, 

COTTON AND AVOOLEN GOODS MANUFACTURERS. 

Columhus has long been the largest cotton manufacturing city in the Soutli, 
having gained for herself the sobriquet of the "Lowell of the South," but we 
we prefer to call her the " Queen City," for she will lead in other manufac- 
turers. 

Columbus in the manufacture of Cotton goods is rather peculiar in that all 
its mills manufacture finer grades of goods than those usually made in the South- 
ern factories, embracing cotton blankets, terry cloths, the celebrated INIitcheline 
quilts, sewing threads, cordage of many varieties, ginghams, cottonades and 
tickings. Three years ago the Paragon Mills were built, and as an experiment, 
embarked in the manufacture of the finer grades of ginghams, plaids, etc. The 
success of the venture has been clearly demonstrated and the Paragon has taken 
its place among the most successful cotton mills in Columbus. It cannot be denied 
that the cotton mills must eventually come to the cotton fields, and the history 
of mills in Columbus is but another link in the chain of evidence which so clearly 
establishes this fact. 

The tabulated statement Avhich appears below- Avill give some interesting 
information in reference to the cotton mills of the city. 



Names of Mills 


Looms 


Spindles 


Hands 
Employ'd 


Cotton 
Used 
Daily 


Capital 

AND 

Surplus 


Eagle and Phenix Manufacturing Co. . . 
Muscogee Mannfacturino' Co 


1,800 
42fi 
360 
300 
100 


60,000 
9,000 
8,000 


2,000 
500 
400 
300 
100 
80 
300 


50 Bales 
9 " 
9 " 

5 " 

91 " 

4' " 


$ 3,225,000 
300,000 


Swift Mann factvi ring Co 

Paragon Manufactnring Co 

Clegg Manufactnring Co 


200,000 
100.000 




50,000 


Brown's Cotton Factory 


4,000 


80,000 


f Chattahoochee Knitting ]\Iills 


*266 


50,000 








Totals 


3.486 


81.000 


3.680 


79i B'ls 


$3,100,000 







f Owned by Eagle and Phenix Mills. 



* Machines. 



REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS. 

The list below gives the real estate holdings of the cotton mills of Colum- 
bus. Machinery and stocks are exempt from taxation and are not included in the 
figures named below : 

Eagle and Phenix Manufacturing Company, mills and tenements $ 729,000 

Muscogee Manufacturing Company 147,000 

Swift Manufactnring Company 73,000 

Paragon Manufacturing Company 40,000 

Clegg Manufactuiing Company 20,000 

Browne's Cotton Factory 15,000 

Chattahoochee Knitting Mills 30,000 



Total $1,053,000 

The above figui-es by no means represent the total wealth of the cotton mills 



46 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



of the city. They simply give the value of real estate held by the several com- 
panies, as taken from the books of the city assessors for the year 1891. 

Thus, it will l)e seen that Columbus has some large establishments manu- 
facturing cotton and woolen goods, giving employment to 3,680 hands, to whom 
is paid annually the large sum of 31,766,400. 

];arrel manufacturers. 

There is one large establishment engaged in the manufacture of barrels, 
kegs, etc., in this city. The quality of the work turned out is equal to that of 
any city in the South, and the entire output finds a ready sale in the local and 
near markets to Columbus. The company employs a large force of men, and 
pay out annuall}^ as wages $18,200, while the annual sales will amount to SlOO,- 
000. A more extended notice will ])e found on page 85 of this work. 

Rooi: binders and blank book manufacturers. 
There is one large esta1)lishment engaged in the manufacture of blank books. 
They have in connection with the same concern, a mammoth job printing office, 
paper box manufactory, etc. Employment is given to a large force of both male 
and female employes. The annual business Avill approximate about 850,000. 

BREWERIES. 

The reputation of Columbus beer has continued to strengthen ever since the 
plant was started, and at the present time the malt litpiors made in Columbus, 
known as the "Chattahoochee Beer," takes precedence in ever}" market where 
it has been introduced. We have taken pains to give an extended notice of this 
enterprise in another portion of our book, and we call particular attention to it. 
The business runs up into the thousands each year. 

BRICK manufacturers. 

There are four concerns engaged in the manufacture of building brick, tile, 
etc., in this city. Some of the establishments are mammoth concerns, and turn 
out as many as 100,000 brick per day. The business is in a healthy, growing- 
condition, and, will no doubt, l)e largely increased during the coming year, as 
the outlook for a large number of new buildings is promising. The annual busi- 
ness will amount to $120,000. 

CANDY MANUFACTURERS. 

Columbus has two establishments eno;aii;ed in the manufacture of candies, 
etc. Besides these there are a number of small concerns that make the cheaper 
grades of candy, such as taffy and common stick. On account of these small 
concerns Ave are unable to give reliable figures as to the transactions. As near 
as we are able to we place the total business at 850,000 per year. 

CARRIAtJE AND WAGON MANUFACTURERS. 

The manufacture of carriages and wagons is extensively carried on in this 
city, there being no less than three firms engaged exclusively in their manufac- 
ture. Some of them are (juite large, and the work turned out is first-class. The 
annual sales will reach about 845,000. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



47 



CIDER AND VINECAR. 

There is one large concern in this city manufacturing cider and vinegar, a 
more extended notice of ^vhich Avill be fo'und in another portion of this Avork. 
The ciuality of the goods ma<h;> las a ^vide-spread reputation for its p.urity, no 




adulteration ..f any kind being per.nittedin its manufacture. The business is in 
a flourishing condition and steadily growing. 

CICAR MANUFACTURERS. 

Columbus has three establishments engaged in the manufacture of cigars 
and the pro.luct manufactured here is conceded to be e<iual to any manufactured 
in the State. True there are many larger manufactories in the State than Avd be 
found in this city, but in none of them is a better -luality of cigars made than 
ri<Hit here. The business Avill reacli about S85,0(JU yearly. 



48 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA— HER 

CLOTHING MAXUFACTURERS. 

One great benefit to the community resulting from the manufacture of cloth- 
ing is the immense field of employment it opens up for the poor, especially for 
females. There are a large number of firms manufacturing clothing in this city, 
and three of these deserve special mention, as their operations are carried on on 
a large scale, making goods for wholesaling. The prices paid employees, it is 
true, are not a very munificent remuneration for labor, but by respectable clothiers 
no advantage is taken of the necessities of the helpless. Exceptional cases there 
undoubtedly are, in -which the poor are oppressed, but we are convinced the business 
principles of our respectable clothiers accord with the principles of humanity, and 
that the females they employ are paid reasonably fair prices. The annual sales 
will reach $225,000. 

FERTILIZERS. 

There is one firm in this city engaged in the manufacture of fertilizers, the 
annual sales of which are $100,000. Besides this there are several firms dealing 
in fertilizers manufactured at other points, which will run the total transactions 
up to over $275,000 per annum. 

FLOUR AND GRIST MILLS. 

In enumerating the various manufacturing industries of this city, we come 
to that of flour and meal. By disregarding the conflicting opinions of political 
economists as to their legitimate right to such classification, Ave present our 
readers with the statistics of one of the most important industries in Columbus. 
It is not many years since the idea of establishing a flouring mill in Columbus 
was hooted at as an absurd innovation. Exchanges in rival cities ridiculed the 
temerity of the venturesome miller w^ho would dare erect his smoke-stack so far 
away from the grain supply, but the attempt was made, and the venture to-day 
is far beyond the experimental stage. We have two mammouth mills here, which 
do an annual business of many thousands of dollars, gives employment to a 
number of persons, many of them skilled workmen. The machinery is the 
latest and most improved that can be found, and the product cjual to any in the 
United States. 

IRON MANUFACTURES. 

The advantages to be found at this point by the iron industries, although not 
yet developed to anything like the magnitude that circumstances and surroundings 
will justify, have still been utilized to a very considerable extent by far-seeing, 
enterprising men, who, by their energy, genius and go-ahead, determined spirits 
have established their business on a firm, paying basis, and which is constantly 
being expanded, bringing in return for the generous outlay of capital, wisdom 
and pluck, the golden prosperity their sturdy industry so richly merits. One of 
these establishments in particular will compare most favorably, indeed, with any 
Avorks of the kind in the country, having ample facilities of the most improved 
order for turning out any description of mill and engine work, and, in fact, all 
grades of both light and heavy manufactures. Possessed of an abundant capital 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



49 



to increase their capacity to any extent made necessary by the demands of their 
rapidly growing trade, the annual augmentation of business is plainly evident in 
the constant increase to their already vast army of employees, and also in the 
•wide distribution of the product of this skilled labor. But what is true of this 
one concern applies with equal force to all the establishments engaged here in 
any branch of the iron industry. The prosperity is abundantly demonstrated by 
their unceasing operation, the large force of operatives constantly employed, the 
steady growth of capacities for production, and solid financial condition of every 
firm connected with the trade. The vast extent or' territory tributary to this 
point, and the rapid broadening of the scope which must make our city a base of 




EESIDENCE OF TOL Y. CRAWFOED, EAST HIGHLANDS. 

supplies, together with the excellent character of all other necessary facilities 
and special advantages required by every department in the iron business to be 
found here, makes Columbus an unusually favorable locality in which to invest 
capital for prosecuting this highly important industry. 

ICE MANUFACTURERS. 

There are three companies in this city engaged in the manufacture of ice, 
which finds a ready sale in the local markets, besides large shipments are made to 
interior towns. The quality of the ice made in our factories is of the best, the 
water here being considered the purest that can be found in the State. The busi- 
ness will average about $75,000. 



50 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



BAGGING MANUFACTORY. 

Columbus has the only bagging mill in the State of Georgia, and it is the 
largest institution of the kind in the South. The factory has a capital stock of 
$75,000, and daily converts (3,000 pounds of jute into 3,000 yards of bagging, 
which finds ready sale throughout the cotton belt. The factory employs 100 
hands, most of whom are females. The annual transactions will foot up S2T5,- 
000. 

DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. 

The manufacture of chemicals in Columbus is carried on quite extensively, 
almost every druggist in the country manufactures some special preparations for 
the benefit of his local custom, but the celebrity of these preparations scarcely, 
if ever, attains unusual runs. A striking exception to this fact are the medicines 
made by the W. W. C. Company and others in Columbus that we might name. 
There are four firms engaged in the manufacture of medicines whose annual trans- 
actions will foot up S100,000. 

GRANITE AND MARBLE WORKS. 

This industry is in a thriving condition in this ci<-y. The rare skill of 
the artizans engaged, together with superior quality of the marble and granite 
used, which comes, principally from Tennessee, North Carolina and the imported 
from Italy, has given Columbus a name throughout the whole extent of country 
tributary to her, and sales are made at all of these points. The annual transac- 
tions will average $60,000. 

SASH, BLINDS AND DOORS. 

The large amount of building in the city makes thriving times for the manu- 
facturers of sash, blinds, and doors, moulding and stair work. There are five fac- 
tories in the city, employing a large number of hands. The product is not con- 
sumed entirely by Columbus. The trade extends into the States of Georgia, 
Florida and Alabama. There is a constant growing demand for these manufactures 
that is very encouraging to new capital to locate here. 

PLUMBING AND GAS FITTING. 

This branch of Columbus' industries is prosecuted with great zeal and enter- 
prise, the field being large and the demand rapidly increasing under the stimulat- 
ing effects of general prosperity at home, and the constant development of the 
South. Tinware, though made a specialty by several manufacturers is also 
turned out in the large plumbing establishments. Five concerns occupy this 
field of industry, contributing over 8100,000 to the grand aggregate of our 
manufactures. 

But limited space forbids our going further into the details of the industries 
of this enterprising, go-ahead city, or the magnificent advantages each enjoy, 
however entertaining the task would be. Suffice it to say that under a heading of 

ML'^CELLANEOUS, 

can be grouped every discription of industry, (not specifically mentioned in the 
foregoing pages), that can be prosecuted at any point in the country, with the 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 51 

assurance that tliey will he found existing in Columhus in some stage of develop- 
ment. Many are worthy of extensive mention, for they are indispensihle factors 
in the make-up of a great city, and have aided not a little in esta1)lishing the 
fame of Columbus, as may he inferred from ])rief allusions to such lines as 
trunk and valise factories, bakeries, sausage making, gunsmiths, blacksmiths, 
mineral and soda water factories, etc. These innumerable miscellaneous pursuits 
support vast numbers of our p.opulation, and though many of them may be con- 
ducted on a very modest scale, in some very retired spot, not one of them is to 
be sneered at, for all are noble, and help to swell the aggregate of our material 
wealth, thereby conferring special benefits upon the masses, the intrinsic value 
of which is inestimable. 

(GENERAL SUMMARY. 

In reviewing the Inisiness interests of Columbus, we have Ijorne in mind that 
our task was to give them a fair and impartial showing, and to benefit the com- 
munitv at large by stating facts that could readily be verified to the entire 
satisfaction of the world. Having set forth in their proper order these stern 
truths concerning the wonderful progress "and substantial worth as a centre of 
commerce, trade and manufactures, it now remains to demonstrate their vast 
influence by combining their powers and presenting them to the view as a grand 
-whole — a grand review, as it were, of the whole phalanx that has placed the 
crown of victory upon Colum1)us, and elevated it to its present high position 
amidst the surroundings of peace and prosperity. The annual transactions are 
shown in the following tabulated statement : 

Wholesale and Jobbing Trade S ir>,.-}29,2o5 

Maimtaetures II.SS.IOOO 

Retail Trade 9,000,000 

Grand aggregate 807. 414. i-")-") 

This magnificient showing is the result of industry, perseverance, economy, 
skill and progressive energy in a community of people, who, less than a quarter 
of a century ago were pennyless and powerless, with its cit}' prostrate in the ashes 
created by the better hatred of civil war that hesitated not to sacrifice friend and 
foe alike in the agony of its expiring thores. What city in the annuals of 
history ever achieved grander results in so short space of time. When the great 
metropolis of the "West was laid in waste by the fire fiend, and its people left 
homeless and starving, its ainiihilation was thouglit complete, and its restoration 
impossible. But while its inhabitants Avere still fleeing before the wrath of the 
destroying enemy, the world outstretclied its loving hand to succor and to save. 
Even the remotest hamlet was eager in the good work, and the most uncompro- 
mising foe was touched with pity that put to flight all thoughts but those which 
prompted relief for the helpless. The result of such an outpouring of sympathy 
— demonstrative of the power of "Peace on earth and good will to man" — was 
quickly manifested in the sudden rise of Chicago to a state of grandeur, that 
makes it more truly than ever the phenominal city of modern ages and the aston- 
ishment of all who visit it. Compare Columbus with Chicago. Analyze every 



52 



COLUMBUS, GEOKGIA — HER 



feature of their respective conditions at the date of the down fall of each, and 
every step in their progress to restoration — Chicago with the entire world for a 
friend, Columbus left to drink the last dregs in the cup of bitterness, and strug- 
gle onward alone— and then, if you can, deny that the metropolis on the banks 
of the Chattahoochee has Avon a noljler victory and a prouder record than the 
metropolis on Lake Michigan's front. 

BANKS AND OTHER FIXAXCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Columbus has four Xational and three State Banks, making a total of seven, 

Avith a capital 
of ;?6o0,000, 
and deposits 
a m u n t i ng to 
upAvard of three 
and a half mil- 
lions of dollars, 
and a surplus 
and undivided 
profits of nearly 
.^ $300,000. 

<■ OTHER INSTITU- 
- TIONS. 

< There are in 
^ Columbus a 
~ numljcr of im- 
% portant Land 
>^- and Li vestment 
u Companies and 
g Building and 
2 Loan Associa- 
^ tions, Avhich arc 
proving v a 1 u- 
able factors in 
the up-building 
of the city, and 
a r e receiving 
lil>eral support 
and encourage- 
ment from her 
l)eojile. The 
names of some 
of the leading 
and authorized capital, are given beloAV : 




Companies, together Avith their actual 

liiterHtatc Ltiiildiii;^ and Loan Association S7,.">(K(,(i()(l 

• u'orgia Home Iiisurancf Co. (toUil assets) 1,ihki,(KKI 

Miisiogep Keal Kstatc Co. (authorized capita!) 1,(I(KI,{KMI 

North Highland Company ].>(i,(Kl(i 

Columbus Inve.stmeiit Company 5iki.(IIKI 



Muscogee Mutual and Columlms Mutual Loan •l'2ll.0(K) 

City Lanii Company l(Hl,(HK) 

liose Hill Coniiiauy'. 7.">,(HXI 

Total §1(1,745,(100 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 53 



THE COLUMBUS BOARD OF TEADE. 

The following address, delivered by Mr. L. II. Chappell on assuming the 
duties of President in Januar^^, 1892, gives a brief history of the Columbus 
Board of Trade, which is composed of the leading business and professional men 
of Columbus : 

It is idle, gentlemen of the Columbus Board of Trade, for one entering 
upon the office of President of this Board to attempt to express, in well-rounded 
sentiments, his appreciation of the honor conferred. His acts, and not his words, 
must tell the story of his fitness, and his devotion to the true interest of Colum- 
bus must indicate the sense of obligation and duty with which he accepts the 
trust — a trust which none among us would accept did we not feel that the obliga- 
tion to heartily co-operate for the accomplishment of our common purpose is 
mutual, and rests alike upon each member of this Board, and upon every loyal 
advocate of the interests of Columbus. With this co-operation success is assured ; 
without it, failure must be the portion of the ablest among us. The Columbus 
Board of Trade is habituated to success, and success has uniformly marked the 
career of those who have, in the ten years of its existence, administered its 
affairs, while their individual triumphs in Columbus was in the phenomenal devel- 
opment of our natural advantages. The first President, ten years ago, was G. 
Gunby Jordan, a man whose very name has become a synonym of strength and 
progress and success, and from whose massive brain and indomitable energy we 
have seen spring into existence a half score of corporations, employing an aggre- 
gation of millions of capital, and carrying the fame of Columbus into every State 
in the Union, and into the financial centers of the world. Next came J. W. 
Woolfolk, now the leading promoter of important enterprises in the capital city 
of our neighboring State. Next, the beloved and lamented Hochstrasser, a gen- 
tleman who stamped the impress of his exalted character upon every act of his 
life. Next, J. K. Orr, whose counsel is ever sought in the affairs of our city, 
and who never fails to respond with heart and hand, encouraging the timid and 
aiding the strong and brave. Next, Mr. C. E. Caverly, who comes to us flushed 
with success achieved in the wonderful Gate City of the South, and who blends 
so harmoniously the genius of his former with the genius of his present home. 
Finally, our retiring President, to Avhom this board owes, perhajjs, a deeper debt 
of gratitude than to any of his predecessors, since to him we are indebted for 
our existence as a corporation, backed by a capital which insures our perpetuation 
independently of the limit of human life. At no time in our municipal history 
has there been greater need for the concert of action than at present. The begin- 
ning of the year 1892 finds the South struggling to recover from the effects of 
financial disturbances. They may be owing to the revolutions in South America 
and the consequent failure of the Baring Bros, in London, impairing confidence 
and credit throughout the financial world ; or they may be the consequences of 
extravagance and over-trading during the flush times of '89 and '90 ; or it may 
be the over-production and low price of cotton ; or it may be the McKinley Bill. 
Whatever the cause, there is no question about tiie fact that the times are 



54 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



hard. Xortli and South have felt it alike, and no city has been exempt. Colum- 
bus, in the midst of it all, has continued to progress. It may not be christian-like, 
but there is a great consolation in being able to look around at our neigliboring 
cities and say thank the Lord, we are not as bad as they. Instead of bank failures, 
Ave have a new bank opening, and another doubling its capital. Instead of rail- 
road receivers we have a new suburban line opened — one of our new railroads 
reaching out for the snows of the Nortli. and anotlier for tlie orange lilossoms of 




l;i:.SIl)EN'CES I'ULK lIAKias AXP .IiiHN U. HENDKKSoN. l;A^T UltiHLAMis;. 

Florida. These evidences of progiess and prosperity in times of stagnation and 
depression are the legitimate results of conservatism and co-operation and mutual 
confidence. 

So long as we adhere to these principles we liave nothing to fear. The same 
causes which have guided us away from disaster in tiuies of depression will lead 
us on to the achievment of grand results in the flush times of prosperity, which 
will as surely follow as the flood tide follows the ebb. 



KEAL ESTATE INTERESTS IN COLUMBUS. 

The condition of the real estate market during the past few years has been 
one of steady increase in values. All classes of real property have advanced in 
value, and the prices of to-day, as compared with those of past years, show an 
average advance of from 25 to 50 per cent. The heaviest demand for property. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 55 



however, has not been from the capitalists and specuhitors, but from persons desir- 
ing homes or places of business for their own occupancy. Never, perhaps, in the 
history of our city have our people been so thoroughly possessed with the deter- 
mination to own their own homes. This idea seems to have become incorporated in 
the warp and woof of every man's life, and to be the object of his exertions in 
business. This is not confined to one class of our citizens, but comprehends 
and permeates all classes and conditions. The demand covers every class of 
jtroperty, from the most palatial residence and handsomest stores in our city to 
the humblest and cheapest house known to the business. Our merchants and 
professional men who have long since owned comfortable, staid residences, and 
whose prosperity now warrants something different, are now purchasing more 
modern sites or buildings fiirther North or East, and by building and remodel- 
ing, securing for themselves residences more in keeping with their increased 
means and advanced idea of comfort and elegance of the present day. The man 
of more moderate means, who has heretofore rented, is straining every nerve to 
own his own home and rent no more. 

Keal estate has been too much neglected by investors, and in the mad rush 
for wild-cat speculative stocks and bonds, the staid old investment has been left 
for a soberer period when the excitement of speculation had spent itself. That 
time is now upon us, and the panic which some of our wiseacres see dimly (?) in 
the distance is but the bursting of some of the bubbles of their own inflation, and 
cannot from the very nature of its everescent character, be widespread or general 
in its effects. Even over guaranteed stocks and bonds — all of which are now at a 
high rate of premium — does real estate possess positive advantages. The p'irma- 
nent character of it is an investment, the appreciation in value which it must ex- 
perience in a growing country, the better rate of net interest it pays, all recom- 
mend real property over personal. The fact that it is not subject to such violent 
and frequent fluctuations, and is beyond the control of directors and syndicates 
having power to reduce its value to a minimum price without let or hindrance, is 
a powerful factor for inducing men to leave the uncertain ways of incorporated 
stocks in favor of this class of property. 

Another reason for the advance in the price of property in this locality is 
found in the advance in rents during the past few years. This advance was a 
healthy one, predicated upon the law of supply and demand, and made necessary 
by the reduction which had taken place after the war, as a result of that calamity. 
AVe are all forced to study economy in some measure, and the item of house rent 
is the first to receive attention at the hands of most men. The conclusion is then 
easily reached that it is an economic measure to save the profits realized by the 
owner of the house. The desire follows to be your own landlord, and the reali- 
zation is made possible through the poor man's helper, the loan association. 
These institutions have been of incalculable benefit to Columbus. The results of 
their work is the building up of nearly all that part of the city known as Rose 
Hill and East Highlands. Many a man in our midst owns his own home, who, 
but for their assistance, would now be a hewer of wood and a drawer of water, 



56 



COLUMBUS. GEORGIA — HER 



paying out the larger part of his monthlv earnings for a shelter for his family, 
and barely eaking out an existence. 

These associations have been of great help to men of larger means, who 
could aftord to pay a considerable out per month in order to secure a comfortable 
home, but who could not afford to jeopardize their business by taking out the 
amount necessary to build a home from their own capital. Again have these 
associations been useful in assisting men to accumulate wealth in the matter of 
purchasing or building tliat class of houses which very nearly or entirely pay 
their own way through the loan associations, and at its termination leave them 
possessed of the property clear. In this way have some of our citizens amassed 
^ealth, and added materially to the taxable property of the city. In these ways. 




HI KdRV HILL I'lMrKUTV MUSCO'JEE REAL ESTATE COMPAXV, EAST HICHLAXPS. 

and in others, have loan associations become important factors in building up our 
city, and increasing the demand for real estate by simplifying and attaining of it. 
In the consideration of the subject of real estate in Columbus, sufficient promi- 
nence has not been given to our improved condition as a community, as one of 
the elements of strength in the market. The financial solidity for which Colum- 
bus has always been noted is greater and more stable to-day than it ever Avas. 
While we have fewer millionaires than some communities further North, yet we 
are in a better condition, because the wealth of the city is more evenly distri- 
buted, and there are a great number of persons possessing moderate means and 
fewer extremely wealthy. The increase of wealth by slow accumulations gives 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 57 

as a population with a vast purchasing ability. The tax digest unfortunately is 
not the means of acquiring this information. But daily operations on the street 
will prove it, as will the presentation of any scheme which promises safe returns 
and good management call for the ample and liberal responses of capital. Colum- 
bus is rich in her resources of capital, and the best informed upon the subject 
know that the custodians of it are not to be found only in the recognized marts 
of the city, but frequently in unpretentious corners. 



THE EIsTYIRONS OF COLUMBUS. 

We have before remarked the thickly populated condition of the suburbs, in 
each direction, each quarter possessing some elements of beauty and attractive- 
ness. Property, consequent upon the large influx of population that Columbus 
has received in the past few years, has so increased in value that space has be- 
come a costly luxury, only to be enjoyed by the more extravagant. In fact many 
persons who constitute a moving power, and a large proportion of our commercial 
and manufacturing world, are compelled to seek homes in some one of the many 
suburban towns that cluster around the metropolis and are vitalized by its prox- 
imity. They are as follows : 

EAST HIGHLANDS. 

THE PROPERTY OF THE MUSCOGEE REAL ESTATE COMPANY — THE MOST DESIRABLE 
RESIDENCE PROPERTY IN THE SOUTH. 

There are two points which particularly impress every stranger who visits Co- 
lumbus — the extreme desirability of its eastern slope for delightful and pleasant 
homes, and the astonishingly reasonable prices at which such property can be bought. 
Nor do they fail to note its many facilities for cheap and pleasant living, coupled with 
the fact that every dollar of this property must double, and probably treble, in value, 
while its owner occupant has the use of it as a home. Occupying (by actual 
measurement) the highest ground on the Georgia side of the beautiful and fast 
flowing Chattahoochee river, it is the most delightful place for a home that can 
be found. Here in ante-bellum days the merchant prince and Avealthy planters 
made their homes, surrounded by all the luxuries that fancy could dictate and 
money purchase. A number of these old Southern homes still adorn the East 
Highlands. The Muscogee Ileal Estate Company was organized October 23d, 
1887, by John F. Flournoy, Louis F. Garrard, and others of Columbus, with 
prominent capitalists of Savannah, Ga., Richmond, Ya., and Rochester, N. Y. 
This company is different from most of the land companies organized in the so- 
called boom towns. Its lands were all paid for cash. Its stock is fully paid up, 
and none of it has been off"ered on the market. No auction sale of lots has been 
necessary, but a steady, solid, substantial growth has been encouraged. Since 
the material for the first new house was placed on the ground, October 27, 1888, 
there has been no time that a dozen new and handsome houses have not been 

(E) 



58 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



under construction. There has been no ^vild speculation. The lot purchasers 
have been, as a rule, "home builders," and the hundreds of new and attractive 
homes which dot " The HighJanch'^ attest the wisdom of the policy. 

During the summer of 1888, the company commenced the development of 
their property by clearing the lands, opening the streets, etc. How well they 
have succeeded is told in a brief paragraph taken from the Unquircr-Sun of 
August 31, 1890: "The development of the East Highlands within the past year 
is simply wonderful. The originators of the enterprise gave the signal for the 
breaking of the old routine improvement plan, and opened a world of progres- 



m 




KEh^IDEXCKS <IF C. K. DlilMHOH AND V. K. VdlNti— EAST HIGHLANDS. 

sion and rapid growth, and kindled that fire of enthusiasm which has marked 
every successful enterjirise in the recent wonderful growth of Columbus I The 
East Highlands embrace 750 acres of city and suburban property, all lying 
within a radius of two miles of the business centre of Columbus. The first 
addition of this property embraces some 200 acres of level land, 100 feet above 
the old town, immediately adjacent to, and partly within, the city limits. This has 
been regularly laid oif, conforming to the old town, with wide, well graded streets 
and avenues, all well set with shade trees. Here where but three years ago 
stood less than half a dozen old homes are hundreds of handsome dwellings, all 
occupied by a contented, happy and prosperous people. The flash of the electric 
light illuminates the Highlands. The postman makes his rounds and the police- 
man treads his beat as regularly as in the city, and every advantage that the old 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 59 



city has is shared here. The second, or Wihl wood Park addition, embraces about 
200 acres of beautifully rolling lands, higher than any territory around Colum- 
bus, except, possibly, the Alabama hills west of the city. Between this and the 
first addition is located Wildwood Park, containing about 100 acres of beautiful 
park lands, through the centre of which flows Werocoba creek, a beautiful stream 
of clear water, fed by perpetual springs flowing 20,000 gallons per minute, 
and all within a stone's throw of the Park. These grounds have been artisti- 
cally laid off' and are traversed by wide drives, shaded by overhanging trees, 
which furnished shelter to the red man long before the sound of the steam whistle 
was heard echoing throufj-h the hills and dells of this beautiful Eden. Here no 
rattle of heavy dray or steady tramp of weary workers disturbs the quiet of this 
lovely spot, and as one sits under the arching vines and breathes the pure, fresh 
air, or wanders about amid the perfume of sweet flowers, he can scarcely realize 
that he is within ten minutes' ride of the busy throng that make up the business 
of a great and thriving city. Winding walks leading through acres of Kentucky 
and Texas bluegrass to rustic bridges, which span at intervals the crystal streams 
that thread their way through the park, singing as they ripple along the sweet 
hymns of nature. At night the chirp of the cricket and the song of the mocking 
bird lulls one to sleep. Surrounding this beautiful place are many old Southern 
homes, with stately columns and wide verandas, and here many of the handsome 
homes of the future must be erected. Already has the good work commenced, 
and within the past year or two (|uite a number of handsome modern dwellings 
have been built. Here the very best of society can be had, and true, old-fash- 
ioned Southern hospitality is dispensed with a liberal hand. A more cultivated, 
refined, hospitable people cannot be found in this beautiful South-land than those 
livino; in the East Highlands. A sidendid male and female school is conducted 
the entire scholastic year in new buildings located in a tract of ten acres of 
beautifully shaded land donated to school use, and which can never be used for 
any other than educational purposes. 

The third addition of this property, embracing several hundred acres more, 
is devoted to truck and dairy farms, raising all of the fruits and vegetables for 
which the South is fast becoming noted. Through the centre of this entire prop- 
erty the Columbus Railroad Company operates its belt passenger line, affording 
ample, cheap and rapid transportation to every portion of it. This is said to be 
the best built and best equipped dummy line in the South, having standard rails 
and cross-ties and the track ballasted with gravel. Negotiations are now pending 
looking to equipping this line with electricity, by which means ten minute sche- 
dules will be given to all of this property. 

The policy of the company has been from the first to place before the man 
of moderate means a plan by which he can secure a home with the money he 
would pay as rent; hence they inaugurated in this city the plan of building a 
house and letting the purchaser pay for it on the installment plan. In purchas- 
ing a home, it is always desirable to secure a place where you can live the year 
round comfortably. In a well established residence community, and among 



60 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



refined and cultivated people, with good schools and churches, and where there is 
an abundance of pure water, perfect drainage and pure air; where there is no 
question as to who your next door neighbor will be, and where no grog-shop or 
other objectionable structure can be built to destroy the quiet and peace of your 
home ; where you have electric lights and free mail delivery, police protection, 
cheap and rapid transportation, with absolutely correct and certain schedule, 
regardless of wind or weather, with comfortably heated cars in winter and open 
cars in summer; where property is steadily advancing in value, and where it will 
continue to do so, because all has been paid for cash, and tlie proceeds from all 
sales is pledged to building up, improving and developing the property ; where 
the people who manage and control the property, and have the most interest in it, 




RESIDENCE OF HOX. L. F. GAERAKI), EAST HIGHLAXDS. 

have built their own homes, and where, if they succeed, you are bound to be 
benefited. All of this and much more you will find on the East Highlands. 
The company will sell any size lot wanted. All of the lots front on wide and 
well graded streets, with shade trees on either side, and if you have not the 
means to purchase for cash, the company will aid you with cheap money on long 
time to help you buy and build a home. 

The Georgia Midland & Gulf Railroad skirts the Northwestern portion of 
the Highlands for over a mile, and on this portion are many eligible sites for 
manufacturing plants with splendid railroad facilities. The Company will donate 
sufficient ground to any worth}^ enterprise wishing to locate here. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 61 

The Muscogee Real Estate Company, in addition to the East Highlands, own 
a large amount of imjjroved and unimproved city property, which they offer at 
reasonable prices and on liberal terms. 

To J. F. Flournoy, President and General ^lanager of the Company, the 
past great success of the work is due. He has given his energy and time to the 
work of making the East Highlands what it now is, the most desirable place for a 
home to be found. The success of the Company speaks more eloquently than any 
words we might write as to how well the work has been done. Mr. Flournoy, in 
addition to being President of the Muscogee Real Estate Company, is also Presi- 
dent of the Columbus Investment Company and the Columbus Street Railway 
Company ; Vice-President of the Georgia Midland & Gulf Railroad Company, 
Director of the Chattahoochee National Bank, and senior member of the large 
Cotton Commission and Warehouse firm of Flournoy & Epping. He is a man of 
no ordinary ability, as is evidenced by the manner in which he handles and 
directs the affairs of the various enterprises of which he is the executive head. 

NORTH HIGHLANDS. 

PROPERTY OF NORTH HIGHLANDS LAND IMPROVEMENT AND MANUFACTURING 

COMPANY. 

Of the many alluring advantages and eminently grand and noble features 
Avhich recommend Columbus as a place of residence to the capitalist, the manu- 
facturer and the artisan, perhaps none are so highly commendable as the North 
Highlands addition to the city. These noble grounds, once naught but barren 
Avilderness and woods with only nature's beauty, are now transformed by the magic 
arts, born of refined tastes and intelligence, into a delightful and healthful resi- 
dence addition to this busy manufacturing city, teeming with many-hued flowers, 
striking landscapes, and scenes and surroundings the most charming that man's 
ingenuity and cultured knowledge can devise. To those who are as yet unfa- 
maliar with the location we will say : The Company's property is located directly 
North of the city, and has an altitude of 200 feet above the highest point on the prin- 
cipal street in the city, and partly within the city limits, the entire area under police 
protection. It has a river frontage of 1900 yards, and the entire property covers 
an area of 335 acres, and is accessible to the city of Columbus over one of the 
best equipped electric railways in the South, which begins on Broad street and 
runs out Eleventh street to Second avenue, and out that avenue on an air line for 
three miles, on a twelve minutes schedule, the entire length of the property. Let 
fancy's eye picture a tour over this expansive addition. The broad boulevards, 
skirted with beautiful driveways, shaded by the green foliage of the grand line of 
stately trees. Then the extensive and beautiful park, embellished with striking 
landscapes and most charming surroundings ; the view of the beautiful river with 
its rapids. Look where you may the view changes and fills the heart with some 
unexpected delight — it may be some broad exjmnse, arched grove, or some grotto, 
dell or leaf-embowered spot, a rustic bridge with blossoming vines, or a rustic 
fount; some rare tropical plant, flower or fern. Along carriage way, bridle path or 



62 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



graveled serpentine tuniing walks, the scene is ever changing, ever pleasing to 
the eye and gratifying to tiie taste. This proj)er'v consists of 350 acres, and was 
purchased bv the North Highlands Land Ini])iovement and Manufacturing Com- 
pany in April, 181M}, the company paying for it in cash. The services of an 
expert landscape gardener, J. Forsyth Johnson, was secured, and the work of 
laving off and beautifying the projierty immediately began. The lots are laid 
off with round corners, the centre lot on the end of each block being in a 
triangular shape, thus avoiding the backing of any lot on the neighboring front 
yard. The streets are nicely graded, and a boulevard extends for 1,000 yards 

^ along the steep banks 

of the Chattahoochee. 



T 



■N5'- 



VA.-^v- . J:': 
i& Jt '(^ -.- .^ • 



HAP OF PROPERT.Y 

NORTH HIGHLANDS LAND 

IMPMT .,- MANF-G CO' 



The scenery is beau- 
tiful. Rustic bridges 
cross the ravines, 
groves and pine trees 
a b o u n d , a n d e very 
yard of the drive re- 
veals some strikingly 
beautiful scenery ; in 
fact, it is inspiring, 
and just such a place 
as one can come and 
spend months and 
never grow weary. A 
driveway is being 
made, twenty-five feet 
wide, in front of the 
residence property and 
overlooking the boule- 
vard and the park be- 
tween the boulevard 
and the river, and 
parties purchasing lots 
along the boulevard 
will be entitled to all 
the privileges of the 
club room in the large i>avilion to lie erected, whicli is free from the general 
pleasure-seekers at the park. For years this has been the rendezvous of the 
lovers of cpiiet and the beautiful, and now, with the rosaries to be planted around 
the pavilion, the beautiful drives, and many other attractive features (including 
bathing pools, tennis grounds, gun club grounds, etc.), it has a destiny of world- 
wide popularity. The lots on the boulevard have from 80 to 150 feet front, and 
from 140 to 250 feet depth, Avitli twenty feet alley-way in the rear, and on the 
streets 50 to 150 feet depth, with ten foot alley-way. Chicago has her lake view, 







COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 63 

Philadelphia her Fairmount Park, Baltimore her Druid Hill Park, but in natural 
and rustic beauty North Highlands excels them all. Among the many views are 
Lovers' Leap, Sunset Rock, Marie Springs, Murmuring Falls, Eagle's Nest, and 
the " S" view in the river. Just above Lovers' Leap is an apparent lake, abound- 
ing in trout and other game fish. 

Mr. S. A. Carter, of the firm of Carter & Bradley, one of the leading 
business men of the city, is President of the company ; Mr. E. J. Rankin, Vice- 
President; Mr. J. Rhodes Browne, Secretary and Treasurer, and Messrs. J. B. 
Hoist, D. P. Dozier, R. A. Carson and T. F. Smith, all prominent and influential 
citizens and business men, complete the Board of Directors. In a limited notice 
such as this must of necessity be, one can but give the bare facts ; and we would say 
to those interested, volumes might be filled and then fail to carry an adequate 
idea ; so we refrain, and simply add in conclusion : If you miss this, you miss a 
chance of a life-time, for this place, with its noble river and superb scenery, ofifers 
advantages unequaled anywhere in the South, and most of the eligible locations 
will be quickly taken up. There is no such thing as retrograding, for once let it 
be known and an increasing throng of both old and new guests will make it their 
favorite resort and stopping place. 

GIRARD, ALABAMA. 

TRADE, COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES. 

The growth and development of the LTnited States stands pre-eminent among 
the most remarkable wonders of ancient or modern history, and yet how little our 
own people seem to realize its astonishing magnitude. When we stop to reflect 
upon the prodigious results accomplished by the nation since the close of the Rev- 
olutionary war, we are filled with amazement by the gigantic character of our 
own labors. In the century wiiich has elapsed since the thirteen original States 
were established as a free and independentGovernment we have grown to a Nation 
of thirty-eight States and nine Territories, and fifty-six million people, having an 
internal commerce spread over an area three and a half million square miles, and 
possessed of property amounting to the enormous aggregate of forty -five thousand 
million dollars. These brief told facts constitute the very cone of our wonderful 
progress and demonstrate the unparalleled wealth of our natural resources, the 
unceasing industry and the boundless ambition of our people. But as the mental 
eye scans the grand exhibit of this one century of labor, Ave discover that the 
most astonishing features have been contributed by that portion of the country 
geographically defined the 

SOUTH, 

which has been actively progressing about one and a half score years. "Within 
that period, however, the progress has been upon the most gigantic scale con- 
ceivable. A tour of inspection would reveal no more interesting facts concerning 
the giant strides of progress in this mighty South than those developed by the 
great State of Alabama. Among the foremost and ambitious to contribute to the 



64 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



fame of Alabama and aid in the general advancement of the State bj properly 
utilizing its own quota of magnificent advantages, is the city of Girard. 

It is located on the opposite bank of the Chattahoochee river from Colum- 
bus, in the corner of Russell county, which extends up to the river, the river 
being the line between Georgia and Alabama separating Girard from Columbus, 
but does not deprive it of any of the advantages of Columbus, as they have two 
wagon bridges, affording ample transportation. 

girard's natural resources. 

Of first importance in considering the advantages of a city for building up 
the interests of commerce and manufactures are its relations to the natural 
resources, chief among which rank the agricultural and mineral products. To 
attempt the discussion of a city's resources for fostering its growth and improve- 
ment, encouraging industry and enterprise, and increasing its Avealth and popula- 
tion without showing that it possesses favorable advantages as regards agricultu- 
ral resources, is a fruitless waste of time, for without the aid of this highly im- 
portant factor, none of those much desired conditions of prosperity can be expected 
to exist to any appreciable extent. Without doubt Alabama is one of the finest 
agricultural States in the Union, and as to her iron and coal she is second to none. 
Her soil is highly adapted to cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, fruits and vegetables, 
the annual average yield of each being large. Girard receives full benefit of all 
the transportation, banking and commercial facilities of Columbus. Although she 
is eminently qualified to excel as a commercial city, the principal has been to 
develop it as a manufacturing center. The wisdom of such endeavors is not to be 
questioned, since it is so plainly apparent that the city possesses in the highest 
degree the leading essentials for success in manufactures — endless amount of 
water power, comparatively no taxes, and a boundless demand for the articles 
after they are made, practically at our very gates, thus saving to the producers 
a vast sum in freights. 

Skilled labor ig as cheap here (as manufacturing statistics show) as in any 
section of the country, although the laborers realize more here because of less 
cost of living. Aside from the price of labor, all expenses to the manufacturer 
are less at this point than in any part of the South. Girard can lay claim to the 
title of one of the healthiest cities in the Union. The fact of the remarkably 
low death rate of mortality among our people has been wondered at by sanita- 
rians, but when our conditions are carefully studied, it appears perfectly plain 
and satisfactory, for our city has been absolutely free from epidemics, and such 
contagious diseases as scarlet fever, minengitis, diphtheria, etc., are compara- 
tively unknown. We are likewise free from the malarial influences of the river 
bottoms, and the few fevers we have are not of a malignant type. Our readers 
can see at once that Girard is the place for the manufacturer. 

Rose Hill is another beautiful addition to the city, lying within the corporate 
limits. 

Phenix City, across the river, above Girard, is a thriving town, and many of 
our business men live in that beautiful suburban town, and quite a number of 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 65 

large manufacturing establishments are also located there, because of the excel- 
lent condition of the water and the liberal inducements oifered by the authorities 
to manufacturers seeking advantaffeous locations. 



COLUMBUS AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE. 

From what has already been said concerning Columbus, it is plainly evident 
that she possesses very superior advantages for man's abiding place, constraining 
one almost to believe that nature especially designed the site for a residence city, 
leavinjir nothino; undone that could be deemed essential to the convenience of those 
erecting habitations thereon. But this is an age of progress, and however per- 
fect nature may regard its handiwork, man can always find room for improving 
upon it, Columbus well illustrates this inborn desire of the human race, to tear 
down and build over, remove and re-arrange, or tinker in some way with every- 
thing it becomes possessed of, for man has so altered, rounded up and finished her 
marvelously original work that few places of crudity now appear. 

CLIMATE OF COLUMBUS. 

Probably the most essential physical advantage of a city lies in its climate — 
a climate favorable to vigor of mind and health of body. The climate of Colum- 
bus, like other portions of our country, has undergone important changes within 
a half century. Ice is a thing that is seldom seen. Sometimes the early riser 
may see a thin coating of ice on the gutters, but it never remains until mid-day. 
Sleighing and skating hereabouts are things decidedly out of the question ; in 
fact, the weather during January is as genial as spring. In the summer the 
thermometer sometimes rises for a few consecutive days above 95 degrees ; but 
the temperature invariably diminishes sensibly after sunset, the nights being gen- 
erally comfortable and refreshing, and often delightful. 

HEALTHFULNESS OF COLUMBUS. 

The comparative healthfulness of various cities has been made a subject of 
careful observation by physicians and others for more than a half century, and 
many cities have not even hesitated to prevaricate, to draw it mildly, concerning 
so serious a subject; but in all candor we assert that in a sanitary point of view 
Columbus is highly favored, and the tables of mortality have uniformly shown 
that Columbus is one of the healthiest cities in the United States. 

SOCIETY OF COLUMBUS. 

As Avould be expected all classes of society are represented here. We 
have in our city some of the most refined and cultivated peo}:le to be found any- 
where, and unfortunately, some of whom tlie least that can be said is the best. 
No matter to what class of people one may belong, he will have no reason to 
echo the sad reflection of Byron : " I am among them, but not of them." All 
may find congenial and kindred spirits here. Upon the whole, however, no city 
can boast of better society than Columbus. Manv of our l»est families descended 



6Q 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



from the earliest and most distinguished characters in the history of American 
independence. Identified with the city and the South from an early dav, thev 
have grown in wealth and prosperity with the growth and improvement of the 
country. Nor have mental culture and social refinement been neglected. For 
many years Columbus was noted for her institutions of learning. AYith all these 
advantages, it would be strange indeed if our best society did not reflect honor 

upon the cit}'. 
Gentle of birth 
and ambitious of 
learning, refined 
by nature and 
hospitable to a 
fault, possessed 
-; of great wealth 
< and enthusiastic 
3 lovers of art,they 
^ constitute an or- 
g dre de monde in 
z which the most 
2 brilliant devotee 
> of letters and 
Z fasliion may find 
^ com])an i o n i h i p 
I worthy of his 
"^ highest taste. 
? All the better 
^ classes of society 
= are liberal in 
'- their ideas, and 
p; welcome all who 
■:: are worthy of 
their confidence 
and e s t e e m. 
Those Avho have 
come among us 
in late years have 
been gladly re- 
ceived into our 
social circles, and 

many of them are now the leaders of society in wealth, culture and public spirit. 
Indeed, a number of our leading fiimilies — families whose recognition and 
hospitality would honor any guest, however high in fame or state — are those 
who have won their position within a recent period by their own merit and 
character. Thus, while our personne de qualite are eminently select and rigidly 




COMiVIERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 67 

strict in the observance of all the finer conventionalities of good society, they 
are generously democratic when merit knocks for admission. 

CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. 

Columbus has always been noted for the church-going proclivities of its 
people, their fervid Christianity and zeal in advancing the cause of morality. 
The buildings are large and comfortable, are well ventilated in summer and heated 
in Avinter, All of the churches have been peculiarly fortunate in the selection of 
ministers, as they are all fine speakers and enjoy the highest moral and religious 
character. There are nineteen churches in the city, as follows : Baptists five, 
two white and three colored; Episcopal, one; Hebrew, one; Methodist nine, five 
white and four colored ; Presbyterian two, one white and one colored; Roman 
Catholic one. The total value of church property is about $500,000, and the 
churches have a seating capacity for about 15,000 persons. 

The limits of our book forbid our giving a more extended write-up of the 
churches, besides we could not obtain data from all, though we made repeated 
eftbrts. 

SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. 

Connected with all of the churches of the city are interesting and flourishing 
Sunday-schools, where many hundreds of the children and youths of the city are 
gathered each Sabbath day to be instructed in the great truths of the Bible, and 
in the religious and moral duties of life. It would be impossible to over-estimate 
the beneficent influence these schools have on the community. Nurseries of 
religion, and of virtue and good citizenship, they are justly cherished by our 
people as the safest guardians of their children's characters, and the surest guar- 
antees for their future. If it is possible for the departed dead to witness the 
progress of human affairs, the spirit of the founder of Sunday-schools could 
behold no happier sight than the assemblage of all the Sunday-school children of 
Columbus in one grand union meeting. We are proud of our Sunday-schools, 
and justly so. No pains are spared by the teachers and officers, no expense 
withheld by the parents and churcees, to make them worthy of our city and 
society. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF COLUMBUS. 

Education is the mortar that holds the social fabric together. Without it 
civilization would crumble to the earth. Religion itself would be lost in the 
Cimmerian darkness of ignorance and superstition. Pythagoras puts the neces- 
sity of education in strong language : " He that knoweth not that which he 
ought to know is a brute among men ; he that knoweth no more than he hath 
need of is a man among beasts ; and he that knoweth all that may be knoAvn is a 
god among men," 

CD o 

Greece, the ])right, particular star in the old dark canopy of antiquity, the 
mother of the arts and the sciences, was first to declare the necessity of Educa- 
tion, Her own proud fame she owed to learning, Init unfortunately for her she 
flourished in an age when the equality of men, the crowning glory of modern 
times, was unknown. She fostered Education, but the education only of her 



68 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



higher classes. Her common people, constituting four-fifths of her population, 
were left in ignorance. This was her fatal mistake. " A grievous fault it was, 
and grievously hath she paid it." 

Education of the higher classes was carried to Rome. She, too, neglected 
her common people, and Rome as Rome is no more. A dark wave of ignorance 
and rapine swept over the Avorld. All seemed to be lost. Suddenly a light 
flashed athwart the Western heavens, and Reformation stood revealed. The 
trumpet voice of Martin was heard proclaiming the grand truth : " Government, 
as the natural guardian of all the young, has the right to cjmpel people to sup- 
port schools. That which is necessary to the Avell- being of a State should be 
supported by those who enjoy the privileges of the State. Now, nothing is 
more necessary to this than the training of those Avho are to come after us." 

Here the principle of free popular education was first proclaimed. Here 
it was given birth and life. Holland and Scotland hastened to apply it. Both 
countries claim the imperishable honor of having been first to introduce it. The 
result of their foresight and wisdom was, that for ages after, these nations were 
regarded as the most intelligent and thrifty people in Europe. Whatever they 
applied themselves to they excelled in. Macauley bears eloquent testimony of 
the race superiority of the Scotch. From Europe the principle of popular Edu- 
cation was brought to America ; Maryland, Ncav York, Connecticut and Massa- 
chusetts, all contend for the proud distinction of naturalizing it here. Maryland 
doubtless had the first free municipal schools, followed by the others in the order 
named, ])ut Massachusetts Was the first to adopt the State system of free schools, 
since adopted by all, or nearly all of the States. The Northeastern and North- 
ern States were next to adopt it. Previous to the late war private academies 
were almost exclusively patronized by the ])eople of Columbus, but at its close 
the uncertain condition and prospects of our citizens caused greater reliance to 
be placed upon the free school system. 

The Columbus Public Schools were organized in 18GT, and form the second 
oldest system of public schools in Georgia. Their growth has been steady, but 
constant, from their organization. The names of more than 2,400 children have 
been enrolled as pupils of these schools this year, and more than $26,000 appro- 
priated for defraying the expenses of the schools for scholastic year 1891-'92. 
The Boys' Public School building, a most convenient, handsome school structure, 
costing $27,500, was finished and furnished but a little more than three years 
since. Since then the Chappell College property and Rose Hill scliool property 
have been bought by a generous City Council for the use of the public schools. 
In addition to this, there are now in the neighborhood of S20,000 in the city 
treasury to the credit of the school fund to be used in erecting a modern school 
building for the girls. Nearly two years ago a High School department was 
added to the primary and to the grammar departments, and is now in a most 
flourishing condition. 

In no schools, perhaps, in the South are teachers doing more in the way of 
attending Normal Schools, Teachers' Institutes, etc., and in reading professional 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 69 

books than are the teachers of Columbus. They are intensely progressive, and 
the resul*,s of their teaching are exceedingly satisfactory to the patrons of the 
schools and the people of the city. 

With a generous people to sustain them, a liberal Council to appropriate 
Avhatever funds that may be found necessary for successfully operating them, Avith 
wise, progressive trustees to direct their operations, and a superintendent and 
teachers thoroughly conversant with the history, principles and methods of the 
best school systems of the world, the Columbus Public Schools have as bright a 
future as any schools in the South. 

CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 
"And now abideth Faith, Hope and Charity, these three ; but the greatest is Charity." 

Charity, the first-born of Heaven, is the divine essence Avithin us. It is 
that which forms us in the image of our Maker. It is the manifestation of God 
himself incarnate in man. It is the lamp which lights our pathway through life 
and leads us on to heaven. 

The mission of charity is gentleness and love. It visits the poor and con- 
soles the friendless. It rests the weary and shelters the homeless. It feeds the 
hungry and clothes the destitute. It soothes the sick and comforts the sorrowing. 
The widow and the orphan are its wards. Its rule of life, " Love thy neighbor 
as thyself." Its admonition, "though I speak with the tongues of men and of 
angels, and have not charity, I am become sounding brass and a tinkling 
cymbal." In the bright galaxy of virtues, philanthrophy, benevolence, kind- 
ness, sympathy, generosity and mercy, it is the central radiant star. It is the 
beo;innino; and the end of all virtues. 

It breaks the bonds of avariciousness and selfishness, and gives with a 
willinii; and generous hand. It strives for the moral culture and elevation of 
mankind. It has given its apostles and evangelists, its missionaries and martyrs, 
its ministers and priests to humanity without money and without price. It ani- 
mates the patriot and inspires the philosopher. It is the source of every gen- 
erous impulse, the fountain of every noble aspiration. It is the salvation and 
hope of society. It is the virtue preservative of all virtues. It is the visible 
presence of God on earth. 

The following is a list of the various charitable and benevolent and secret 
organizations in Columbus: Ancient Order United Workmen, two lodges ; Inde- 
pendent Order B'nai Brith, one ; Red Men, three ; Knights of the Golden Rule, 
one ; Knights of Honor, one ; Knights and Ladies of Honor, one ; Knights of 
Pythias, three ; Masonic, six ; National Union, two ; Odd Fellows, three ; Royal 
Arcanum, one; Typographical Union, one, and four colored secret organizations. 
Besides the above, Columbus has a Lodge of Elks that she may well feel proud 
of. It is composed of the best citizens in the town, and their devotion to protec- 
tion and benevolence is observable in all the walks of life. Their motto, 
" The faults of our brothers we write upon the sands; their virtues on 
the tablets of love and memory.*' 
is strictly adhered to, and coidd their many acts of benevolence be brought to 



70 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



light, a volume could be Avritteu. They have a magnificent club room, elegantly 
furnished and fitted up, and the latch-string is out to all visiting Elks and 
strangers in the city. 

THE STREETS OF COLUMBUS. 

"Really, the breadth of our streets, from one point of view, is to our dis- 
advantage, as we would look more like the large city we claim to be if the 

streets were 
not so wide, and 
the line of buil- 
dings closer to 
each other. But 
this fault is 
amply compen- 
sated b y the 
knowl edge of 
the actual area, 
• and the most 
'^ delightful vista 
= a n d openness 
= through Avhich 
= circulates invig- 
c oratini;; breezes, 
J, and much of a 
S city's noise is 
~l lost in shady 
^ distances. Near- 
K ly every street 
5 holds a narrow 
strip of park, a 
broad space on 
either side for 
vehicles, and 
every available 
spot for a tree 
holds its mon- 
arch or a sturdy 
sapling. 

"In the cen- 
tre of the city is 

the Court House I'ark, which occu])ies the space of an entire block, and is given 
over to giant trees, grassy beds bordered with flowers, winding, sanded walks, 
small settees, a handsome fountain presented by the Water Works Company, 
some tame sijuirrels, perambulators, nurses and children. In the centre of this 
stands the grim old court house, built nearly half a century ago, but its walls 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. Tl 

are so sturdy, and the exterior is so long familiar, that a sentiment clings about 
it, and many are loath to see it torn down. Progress decides, however, that old 
'landmarks' must go, so in a few years a most commodious modern edifice will 
stand there." 

NEWSPAPERS OF COLUMBUS. 

Newspapers are the nervous system of society. They transmit intelligence 
to and from all parts of the body politic. Without them, or some substitute for 
them, public sensibility would be impossible. And as the state of the nervous 
system is one of the best indications of the condition of the human body, so the 
character of the newspapers of a community is one of the best evidences of its 
thrift and "-eneral intelli<2;encf . 

Columbus has no reason to fear a judgment by this rule. The character of 
our papers is highly creditable to us as a community. We have the J^nrjuirer- 
aS'uw, daily and weekly issue ; Evening Ledger ^ ?iX\. evening paper; lUustrated 
South, Sunday Herald, and The Rifle. 

We regret that we cannot speak of them all separately, but our space will 
permit us to mention only one or two. 

THE ENQUIRER-SUN. 

The Columbus Eviquirer was established by Mirabeau B. Lamar, in 1827. 
It was a Aveekly sheet of good size and appearance, and was edited with great 
ability. At that time the population of Columbus was about 1,000. Mr. 
Lamar severed his connection with the Enquirer on the first of October, 1830, 
and shortly removed to Texas. The paper continued under various manage- 
ments, and from a weekly, in 1850, it merged into a tri-weekly. The Daily 
Sun was established on the 30tli of July, 1855, by Mr. Thomas DeWolf. 
There were then three other papers in Columbus. There was no material 
change until 1873, when the Enquirer absorbed the Sun, and the paper became 
known as the Enquirer-Sun, wdiich title it has since retained. In 1889 it 
passed under its present management, and since then its progress has been 
steady, and it is on a more solid footing and more prosperous than at any time 
in its career. The circulation has been largely extended ; its facilities for news 
greatly increased, and in all departments it is fully up to the re(juirements of 
advanced journalism. It is a strong factor in the development of Columbus, 
and possesses great influence in the State, and its editorial columns are largely 
quoted from by the metropolitan journals in the North and West, of both politi- 
cal parties. The Enquirer-Sun commands the highest respect on account of its 
reliability, conservative and consistent course on all political measures — devoted 
and loyal to the Democratic party. Col. B. H. Richardson is the editor and 
manager, and he has gathered around him an efficient corps in the editorial and 
business departments. 

THE EVENING LEDGER. 

The Evening Ledger Avas established in 1880, by E. T. Byington & Co., 
and has a large and increasing circulation in Georgia and xVlabama. In politics 
the Ledger is Democratic, and it has done much toward building up tlie city. 



72 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA 



THE SUNDAY HERALD. 

The Sunday Herald^ edited and published bv B. J. Daniel & Co., was 
established in 1891, and is forging ahead to a bright future. The firm consists 
of Messrs. B. J. Daniel, AViley Williams, and R. F. Ellis, all of whom are old 
newspaper men, and the combination makes a lively team. 

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. 

The Public Library is a constant source of pleasure to its large number of 
subscribers, and a subject of pride to all. Numbers of new books are received 
monthly, and the best periodicals and newspapers always at hand. The rooms, 
ever cheerful and inviting, are a favorite resort for the old and young of literary 
tastes. 

The directors are untiring in their efforts to promote the welfare of this 
beneficent institution, in which they are ably seconded by Miss Anna Hull, the 
energetic and most efficient librarian. 

The association confidently hopes soon to own the most elegant Library 
home in the South, having purchased the property of Trinity church on First 
avenue. 

FIRE DEPARTxMENT. 

Columbus is also equipped with a paid Fire Department, the excellence of 
which is a matter of congratulation to all our citizens. As an evidence of the 
efficiency of the department, it may be stated that the total losses by fire, by 
both the property holders and insurance companies in the year 1890, was only 
$9,000, of which amount the property owners sustained only $1,000. The paid 
department has been in operation for several years, and its efficiency and trust- 
Avorthiness has been thoroughly and fully demonstrated. The department is 
sustained by the city at an annual cost of only $15,000, which includes the 
wages of the firemen and all expenses of the department. The city has a fire 
alarm telegraph system, which has been in successful operation for a period of 
several years. 

But our space allotted to this chapter on Columbus' advantages, is ex- 
hausted, and Ave must cease, though but a trifling part of the whole has been 
touched upon. We could fill scores more of pages about the charms of the city, 
found both indoors and out of doors, in its old-time houses, among the silent 
dead — the homes of the old age and of the new — Avho sleep so calmly among 
the beautiful surrounding of grand monuments, guardian giant trees and lovely 
flowers, cared for so tenderly by gentle hands and loving hearts, or amidst the 
innumerable fields, each Avith its OAvn absorbing story, along its brooks and 
creeks and river, in its old relics created by limner's skillful brush and the 
printers' nimble type — ever^nvherc there is an attraction that Avill make one 
linger long, and finally lonfi to stai/. Truly, a more delightful city than Colum- 
bus could not be desired for a place of residence. Its attractions are of the 
most satisfactory character to the ])hysical, the mental and the moral demands of 
our nature, and in their enjoyment there most come that feeling of blissful peace 
that sooths so gently ojili/ in our oavu home — the dearest spot on earth. 



LEADIISTG BUSIISrESS HOUSES OF COLUMBUS. 



We present to our readers and business community herewith a l)rief 
historical review of the prominent business houses and manufacturing firms 
of Columbus. 

It will be interesting as an exhibit of the growth of the city for the past 
thirty years. The notices, as a group, embrace numbers of substantial and 
enterprising firms in every department of trade, including many specialties not 
to be obtained in any other market, and will be an assurance to those contem- 
plating a visit for the purpose of purchasing supplies, that their every want can 
be fully satisfied on as favorable terms as at any point in the United States. 
No firm of any prominence has been willingly excluded. 

1630— THE CHATTAHOOCHEE NATIONAL BANK— H. H. Epping, 
President; E. H. Epping, Cashier; A. S. Mason, Ass't Cashier. 
Banks are designed to afibrd safe places of deposit for money of individuals, 
corporations and governments, for facilitating the exchange of funds from the 
hands of parties who have payments to make to those who are to receive them. 
Thus, they are clearing houses, as it were, for the community in which they are 
located. They also extend aid to business men by granting loans or discounts on 
notes, bonds or other securities. Their origin is obscure, hidden in the unpub- 
lished and dim traditions of the past, though the merchants of Tyre Sidon and 
ancient Rome, it is supposed by historians, practiced some system of banking. 
It has come down to us through the unwritten history of cities long buried in 
ol)livion, whose merchants transacted commerce traditionally greater than that of 
the present day. Banks are of three kinds, which may be classed as follows: 
1st. Banks of deposit, which receive money on deposit, subject to the draft of 
its owner. 2d. Banks of discount, which furnish loans upon drafts, promissory 
notes or securities. 3d. Banks of circulation, Avhich pay out their own notes, 
the credit of which is guaranteed by the general government. They are oro-an- 
ized under an act of Congress passed in 1863, and are termed National Banks. 
The majority of the banks of this country at the present are of this third class, 
as it is considered the safest and most satisfactory method, as it combines the prin- 
ciple and advantages of the first and second and gives an independent circulation 
of its own. Among the banks acting under the last named class none in Colum- 
bus ranks higher than the Chattahoochee National Bank, No. 1630, chartered in 



74 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



1865 -with a capital of §100,000, and in 1885 it Avas re-chartered. The bank has 
been managed with rare financial ability and judgment, and added, by its course, 
materially to the financial reputation of the city, and to the facilities of her 
business men. We do not propose to be fulsome when we state that the manage- 
ment of this bank has evidenced a degree of higli-toned principle and honor, 
and an intimate and thorough knowledge of finance as possessed by its officers, 
that has reflected credit not only upon themselves, but upon the city. The last 
statement showed a surplus of $75,000, and undivided profits, $40,000. The 
Directory is all that could be desired. All are men of high standing and 
influence in the city. Tlie President, H. H. Epping, is a native of Germany, 
and came to the United States when quite young, and to Columbus in 1841, and 
has always been identified with the city's best interests. He is president of the 
following companies : The Columbus Water Works, the Alabama Connelsville 
Coal and Coke Company, and the Rose Hill Land Company. He possesses fine 
ability as a financier and business man, and is always alive to any movement 
that will redound to the benefit of Columbus. 

'Sir. A. Illges and Mr. A. Wittich are capitalists and large real estate own- 
ers ; James Kyle is a large wholesale dry goods merchant; J. F. Flournoy is a 
member of the firm of Flournoy k Epping, cotton commission men ; he is also 
president of the Columbus Street Railway Company, the Columbus Investment 
Company and the Muscogee Real Estate Company ; G. P. Swift is president of 
the Muscogee INIanufacturing Company, and one of the wealthiest men in the 
State; Dr. G. J. Grimes is a noted physician of the city; E. H. Epping, the 
cashier, is a gentleman of high social standing. Filled with push and enterprise, 
his aim is always to push the bank forward to the front rank of the financial 
institutions of the State. He is a financier in every sense of the Avord, and in 
the past has done much for the bank. 

CARTER & BRADLEY — Fontaine Warehouse, Cotton Factors and Com- 
mission Merchants. 

In dilating at length, and in detail upon the industrial advantages of this 
city, it must not be forgotten that they arise, to a large extent, from a fortuitous 
geographical position, a climate unusually equable, and magnificent water faci- 
lities, which place it in direct communication with the finest cotton growing 
district in the world. These considerations have exerted a vital influence in 
promoting the cotton trade, which is here carried on upon a scale the magnitude 
of which cannot be readily appreciated Avithout carefully revicAving the trade 
in detail. 

In undertaking such a Avork, Ave sliall begin Avith reference to the enterprise 
of Carter & Bradley, Avhich Avas established in 1885, and Avho are to-day doing 
a large and profitable business, handling from 18,000 to 20,000 bales of cotton 
per annum. Eighteen men are required to conduct this business, the pay-roll 
amounting to $200 per Aveek. They carry an average number of 3,000 bales 
in stock, and are continually receiving and shipping the staple, consignments 
coming from this State, Alabama and Florida; a large portion of their business 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. (0 

coming from the lower river country in the Chattahoochee Valley — a section of 
country that is fertile, and productive of good staple and large crops, which are 
transported to this market by packet. The individual members of the firm are 
S. A. Carter and W. C. Bradley, both young men, and well knoAvn as business 
men with unimpeachable reputations for honorable, upright and liberal dealings, 
and as a firm, they are justly entitled to the esteem and confidence of the general 
public. Always active in everything that tends to the advancement of the com- 
merce of our city, they are respected by their associates in trade as Avell as by 
the large number of customers they have secured by their intelligent efforts and 
liberal dealings. It may be judged that this firm is composed of brainy men, 
when it is shown that the positions they hold in other enterprises are of great 
importance. Mr. Carter holds the position of President of the Columbus 
Grocery Company, is President of the North Highland Railroad Company; he 
is also a Director in the National Bank of Columbus, and in the Georgia Home 
Insurance Company. 

Mr. Bradley is Vice-President of the Columbus Grocery Company, a 
Director in both the Third National Bank, and the Columbus Savings Bank, and 
a member of the Board of Trade. 

Mr. Bradley was born at Oswichee, Ala., June 28, 1863. He located in 
Columbus in 1884. The firm of Carter & Bradley is widely known in this sec- 
tion, and their spacious warehouse of 210x160 feet, situated on Front street, 
presents a business-like appearance, with its side-tracks to the front, to the rear 
and inside, where cars are being loaded and unloaded with their burdens of the 
fleecy staple. 

M. SELIGMAN — Clothing, Hats, Boots and Shoes, 22 Front Street. 

Of the several firms in this city engaged in the clothing trade, none are 
better stocked, or conducted with a more thorough knowledge of the require- 
ments of the trade, than the establishment of M. Seligman. He came to Colum- 
bus in 1885, with comparatively no capital, and opened up business for his 
father, and with his sterling business qualities, energy and push, he soon built 
up such an enormous trade that he was compelled to open another store at 1019 
Broad street, to accommodate his customers ; and still his trade continued to 
increase, and he opened up another store at 1226 Broad, and successfully 
managed the three stores till May, 1891, when he beceme sole proprietor of the 
store at 22 Front street, where he still does an overwhelming business. Mr. 
Seligman deserves much credit for the skilled and successful manner in which he 
managed the three stores. He carries a complete stock of men's, boy's and 
children's clothing, gent's furnishing goods of every description, hats, caps, 
trunks, valises, etc. His prices are the lowest. A visit to his busy establish- 
ment Avill convince you that he sells goods cheaper than any house in the city. 
He is a native Russian Jew, possessing fine business qualities ; came to this 
country in 1888, and to Columbus in 1885, and his success in business has been 
remarkable. We commend our readers to the establishment of M. Seligman. 



76 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



R. G. DUN & CO. — Mercantile Agexcy, 1137J Broad Street, J. J. 
MoBLEY, Manager. 
The importance of the line of business carried on by Messrs. R. G. Dun & 
Co. can scarcely be estimated, so vast are its ramifications and so important are 
its bearings upon the trade of every city. By means of the information -which 
they aftbrd to their subscribers, many of whom are saved heavy losses, and unreliable 
and unscrupulous dealers or merchants are made known to the community. The 
Columbus branch was started January 1, 1890, with .J. J. Mobley, Manager. 
They have taken here, as elsewhere, a front rank and outrank all other agencies 
in number of subscribers, and this fact is due to the energy and business capacity 
of Mr. Mobley and his assistant, Mr. I. P. Clark, a young man of marked ability, 
and also to the exactness of their reports, that come from all parts of the Union 
and Canada. R. G. Dun & Co. have been doing business since 1841, and now 
covers the American continent and Europe. They have 150 branch offices, and 
are considered by far the best agency. The Columbus office covers seventeen 
counties in Georgia in a manner characteristic of the Company. Mr. Mobley is 
a native of Georgia, and has been in the employ o i the agency for some years. 
Under his supervision the business is increasing rapidly. He is a member of the 
Columbus Board of Trade, and is a gentleman of excellent standing and marked 
business capacity. 

THE HOWARD SHOE STORE— H. M. & M. W. Howard, Propr's, 1112 
Broad Street. 
The design of our volume being to diffuse general information concerning 
the industries and resources of Columbus, we would be doing an injustice to 
one of the best firms in the city, to neglect passing mention of the proprietors 
^ of The Howard Shoe Store. This house, 

^ Tjj^\ though not possessing the same claim to 

I 7(i\ antiquity as some of its contemporaries, is, 

I \\ nevertheless, ranked as a leading establish- 

§ ^^Vk ment in the boot and shoe trade of this city. 

^^^ nKv T\us enterprise was started in 1880, by Mr. 

■HBI^^£^^;^^-_^\K,.^ AVm. Meyers, the present })roprietors suc- 

^^^^^^^^^flQ|^M|i|^^^^|^Rc ceding to the business in 1891. Possessing 
^^^^3 ^^^^^jj^^^P^*^ ample capital, they have, by judicious man- 
af^ement and strict attention to business, secured a large and lucrative trade in 
Georgia and Alabama, particularly in those portions lying contiguous to Colum- 
bus. They carry a stock of $10,000 worth of goods, made by the best manu- 
facturers of the country, and the annual transactions will reach ?20,000. The 
premises occupied are 30x100 feet in size, and the display of goods is both 
artistic and satisfactory. Prompt and courteous attention is paid to all customers, 
two assistants being employed, and l)oth proprietors giving personal attention to 
the trade. 

Messrs. H. M. and M. W. Howard are the individual members of the firm, 
both natives of our city. Mr. H. M. Howard was born here in 181o,Mr. M. W. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 77 

HoAvard in 1864; both active, energetic business men, who are pushing the busi- 
to its greatest limits. Mr. M. W. Howard has been engaged in this branch of 
trade since 1883, and in assuming control of this well-known concern has infused 
new life into its management. The success which has already attended this 
enterprise is such as to warrant the prediction that the house will, ere long, rank 
first among similar institutions of the city. 

THOS. S. MITCHELL, M. D.— Resident Physician and Surgeon, Office 
1141 Broad Street. 
A Avork of this kind would not be complete Avithout the names of some of 
our most prominent physicians, and none rank higher in the medical fraternity 
of our city than Dr. Mitchell. He is a man of much experience, both as a 
physician and surgeon, graduating tAvice, first in 1854, and again in 1866. As 
an CA'idence of the public appreciation of his (jualities as a physician and public 
spirited citizen. Dr. Mitchell has been selected to hold positions of honor, trust, 
and confidence ; practicing as surgeon two years in the United States army, 
also city physician of Columbus for six years. Dr. Mitchell is a native Ala- 
bamian ; he practiced for tAventy-seven consecutive years in Hamilton, Ga., 
and noAv enjoys a large practice in Columbus and adjoining counties. 

SWIFT MANUFACTURING COMPANY— Plaids, Cottonades, Ticking, 
Stripes, etc.. Improved Mitcheline Bed Spreads. 

Columbus has, during the last decade, manifested more spirit of progress 
and enterprise than at any other period of her history. Evidences of substan- 
tial prosperity are becoming abundant, and industry, the hand-maid of civiliza- 
tion, is exercising her potent influence. Manufactories of staples are springino- 
into existence, one of the surest harbingers of an aAvakening to the enterprise 
that is elscAvhere characterizing this progressive age. In the history of cities, 
from the days of Tyre and Thebes, the first stimulus tOAvards prosperity has 
been from the building of manufactories, and in modern times, no city has 
become truly great and metropolitan that has not encouraged manufacturing. 
The great cotton interests of this section demand certain classes of goods Avhich 
every kindred interest Avould suggest, could be produced here to a greater 
advantage than by importing them from Northern marts. 

The SAvift Manufacturing Company, an institution of conspicuous magnitude, 
was chartered in November, 1882, by Geo. P. Swift, Sr., Geo. P. Swift, Jr., 
W. A. SAvift, Louis Hamberger and G. M. AVilliams, capitalized at S200,000. 
In 1888 the mills Avere erected, and a complete outfit of the most improved 
machinery put in, and they at once began an active and profitable business, 
placing their products throughout the Southern States, and many of them in the 
Northern markets. Mr, G. M. Williams is President and general manager, and 
Mr. Sam Salisbury Secretary and Treasurer, and under the guidance of these 
practical business men, the institution is kept in a most healthy state of pros- 
perity. Four hundred hands are here given employment, Avhich requires a 
monthly pay-roll of $8,000. There are 10,000 spindles and 450 looms busily 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



clattering away, turning out plaids, cottonades, ticking, stripes, and the cele- 
brated Mitcheline Bed Spreads, which are produced in various tints and most 
beautiful designs. This company has sold enormous (piantities of these spreads 
in all parts of the United States. It so happened that, among the number of 
hands brought here from England, there was a weaver named Mitchell, Avho had 
perfected the system of weaving this peculiar style of bed spread, and from 
whence came the name, "Mitcheline Bed Spreads," the manufacture and sales of 
wdiich have been a most flattering success. 

The out-put of this company is So50,000 worth of goods per annum. Great 
credit is due the officers for the enterprise and ability they have displayed in 
developing this branch of industry and carrying it to its present successful posi- 
tion, contributing materially to the reputation of the city, and stimulating enter- 
prise by their example. 

COLUMBUS GROCERY COMPANY— Jobbers of Staple Groceries, 1037 
TO 1045 Front Street. 

In all our prominent towns and cities, there are always those whose energies 
and business abilities qualify them for leaders in business pursuits, and in what- 
ever occupation they are engaged, they will be found to excel in excellence of 
stock, and in ability to meet the requirements of their trade. As an important 
branch of the commercial industries of Columbus, the grocery business is entitled 
to a large share of consideration, and in this connection we direct attention to the 
wholesale establishment of the Columbus Grocery Company, situated on Front 
street, from No. 1037 to 1045, and running back 1(50 feet, three stories high. 
The stock embraces the fullest and most complete line of groceries and articles 
pertaining to the trade to be found in the city, including both staple and fancy 
groceries and provisions, canned goods, foreign and domestic fruits and nuts, 
wooden and willow ware, confectioneries, choice tobaccos and cigars, notions, 
etc. The stock is constantly being replenished by fresh arrivals from producers, 
manufacturers and jobbers ; a flattering patronage from the States of Georgia, 
Alabama and Florida having been enjoyed since the establishment of the business. 
The Columbus Grocery Company was incorporated July 1, 1891, with S. A. Car- 
ter, President; W. C. Bradley, Vice-President; and C. E. Caverly, Secretary 
and Treasurer, and a stronger quota of officials it would have been difficult to 
have secured. Each one of these gentlemen is now classed among the leading 
business men of Columbus, they having shown themselves to be composed of that 
material which tends to build an industrial cit}^ into one of prominence. 

Mr. S. A. Carter was born at Florence, Ga., March 4, 1854. He removed 
to Columbus in 1884, when he became associated with Mr. W. C. Bradley, in the 
warehouse and commission business. In 1801, Mr. Carter was instrumental in 
organizing the North Highland Land Improvement and Railroad Company, which 
enter])rise is one of the attractions of Columbus. Mr. Carter is also a Director 
in the National Bank of Columbus, and the Georgia Home insurance Company. 
Mr. W. C. Bradley, the Vice-President of the Columbus Grocery Company, was 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 79 

born at Oswichee, Ala., June 28, 1863. He located here eight years ago, -when 
he entered the business in Avhich he is now engaged, and although a comparatively 
young man, it has been demonstrated that he has an old head on him, adopting 
and carrying out a sound and safe policy in the management of affairs in which 
he is interested ; this being evident from the fact that his counsel is required in 
the Directory of the Third National Bank, and the Columbus Savings Bank, and 
also, as a member of the Board of Trade of this city. Mr. Bradley is ever on 
the alert to lend his aid to any undertaking looking to the advancement of the 
city and the public interests of the citizens of Columbus. Mr. C. E. Caverly, 
the Secretary and Treasurer, was born in Newport, Fla., September 22, 1852. 
He began the study of the grocery business in 1875, since which time he has 
continued to give it his close attention, until to-day he is looked upon as a 
thoroughly posted grocery man, second to none in the country, and it is his work 
that is doing so much tOAvards bringing Columbus to the front as a grocery mar- 
ket, which fact, within itself, is of much value to the mercantile reputation of 
the city. 

The Columbus Grocery Company was organized with a paid-up capital of 
$50,000, the average amount of stock carried being from 815,000 to 825,000, 
and the annual business 8500,000. Sixteen men are required to attend to the 
immense business of this enterprise, and special attention is given to filling and 
shipping orders received from a distance. Every facility for handling groceries 
has been arranged, side tracks being on three sides of the building, thus enabling 
cars to be loaded and unloaded at the doors. Directing attention to the manner 
in which it is conducted, the pmplitude of its resources and facilities, and remark- 
ing that, as ranking first among its contemporaries, the establishment is of that 
class which commands the respect, confidence and consideration of the city at large. 

FLOURNOY & EPPING — -Warehouse and Commission Merchants, Twelfth 
AND Front Streets. 
Through a wise provision of nature, the different sections of this vast country 
have each some commercial function or element which exerts a controlling influence 
on trade. This condition is brought about by divers causes — geographical posi- 
tion and natural mineral deposits are most important, while in some localities 
facilities for transportation, and the fecundity of the soil for producing cereals, 
are the basis on which ultimate wealth and commercial prosperity have their 
foundation. The West has her great grain products and unequaled facilities for 
transportation ; the middle tier of States have their invaluable coal and iron 
resources ; this part, the South, has, to a certain extent, a unification of all 
these elements of progress, furnished by nature with a prolific'hand, only aAvait- 
ing development by enterprise. These are cotton, the king of vegetable products, 
and the wonderful deposits of coal and iron underlying the whole section, and 
last, and of equal importance, our splendid facilities for transportation, both water 
and rail. This is particularly true of this section of Georgia. The city of 
Columbus receives yearly about 90,000 bales of cotton, and it is but natural that 



80 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



we should find the live, progressive business men of the city engaged in handling 
the fleecy staple. 

The most extensive commission men in our market are Flournoy & Epping. 
The firm, composed of John F. Flournoy, and H. H. Epping, jr.; was started 
in 1873 by Flournoy, McGehee & Co., and changed in 1877 to Flournoy & 
Epping. They have a large capital, and no interior house in the South enjoys a 
better reputation than this. They handle about 20,000 bales yearly. Both 
members of the firm are largely identified with Columbus and her progress, and 
are heavy real estate owners. Mr. Flourney is President of the following 
Companies: Columbus Railroad Company, Columbus Investment Company, Mus- 
cogee Real Estate Company ; Vice-President Georgia Midland and Gulf Railroad, 
Director Chattahoochee National Bank. Mr. Epping is a man of public spirit, 
pushing and energetic. In 1884 he Avas elected Alderman, which office he held 
with dignity and respect, and honor both to himself and the city. 



GEORGE 0. BERRY — Steam Brick Manufacturer; Any Style of Brick 
OR Tiling Made to Order. 

The condition of raw material is an item that is of much concern to the 
manufacturer — superiority of grade produces an increased value to the product. 
The abundance of material to be found at this point for the manufacture of brick 
is peculiarly superior to that to be found at any other place in this section of the 
country, which fact brought forth a remark from a contractor in Albany, who 
said that " God must have favored Columbus Avhen he made material for makinor 
brick." Hence, it is, that this city has ever been noted for the manufacture of 
superior brick. The pioneer in this industry was W. W. Berry, who came South 
from Wheeling W. Va., in 1815, and shortly thereafter began moulding brick for 
the local market, and continued in the business the balance of his life. 

Mr. George 0. Berry, the subject of this sketch, is the son of W. W. Berry. 
He was born in Eufaula, Ala., in 1817, coming to Columbus in 1850 with his 
father. Here he Avas raised and brought up in the business, thereby gaining a 
thorough knowledge of this industry. Mr. Berry owns seventy-six acres of 
ground, upon which is to be found the finest brick material, thereby giving him 
an inexhaustible supply. Mr. Berry is furthermore fully equipped with the 
latest improved machinery, among which is to be seen the " Penfield," " Plunger," 
"Frey-Seckler Company Auger," and " H. Brewer" brick machines; also, three 
engines and boilers, two tAventy-five horse-power and one ten horse-poAver. He 
is operating four plants — tAvo machine and two hand — this large outfit giAdng a 
capacity of 100,000 brick per day, the output being composed of pressed brick, 
common brick, ornamental brick and tiling. Mr. Berry's establishment is situated 
southeast from the jail, at the junction of the Central, Columbus Southern and 
Georgia Midland and Gulf railroads. Each of these roads secure hauls from him, 
transporting his product north, east, south and Avest, going into the States of 
Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Some of his most extensive shipments go to the 
eastern part of the State, including Savannah and BrunsAvick. Thoroughly iden- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



81 



tified with the progressive spirit of this city, and possessed of the essential 
requisites of sound judgment and care of his business policy, he presents the 
strongest claims to popular favor Avith those desiring business relations in this 
department of our business activities. 

JONES BROTHERS — Sash, Doors and Blinds, Lumber, Contractors. 

Statistics show that out of every hundred men who embark in business, 
ninety-seven meet with failure, while only three succeed in driving their business 
through to a successful termination. We take pleasure in referring to the firm 
of Jones Brothers as successful business men. They began business in Columbus 
in the fall of 1888, with small capital, but as their business increased, they added 




more machinery, and erected more buildings, and so continued until to-day their 
plant comprises two acres of ground, nearly half of which is covered with build- 
ings equipped with the very best and latest improved wood-working machinery 
Avhich is driven by a 100-horse power engine; and they make any and every 
thing that can be manufactured of wood. Among the employees are to be found 
some of the most skillful artisans and experts in the various departments of the 
business. An inspection of their warehouse will show a complete stock of sash, 
doors, blinds, lime, plaster, cement, paints and oil, and everything needed in the 
building line. In their work-shops are to be found a full assortment of patterns 
and designs for brackets, scroll work, draperies, newells, ballusters, and all other 
ornamental wood work, with machinery and mechanics ready to turn anything in 



82 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



a finished style and on short notice. On the yards are to be seen towering stacks 
of all kinds of lumber, laths and shingles, and the facilities are such that they 
can fill any kind of an order for material to build anything from a chicken-coop 
to a steamboat, figuratively speaking. The success of this firm has been phe- 
nominal, and although in business for the short space of three and a half years, 
their reputation has gone abroad beyond the limits of Georgia and adjoining 
States, and orders are received for lumber in car-load lots from distant sections, 
even as far oif as Rhode Island. Messrs. Jones Brothers are young men, and are 
wide awake to the requirements of an energetic and practical business policy. 

Mr, Rufus Jones, the senior member of the firm, is now, and has been from 
the beginning, the general manager, and to his close attention, untiring energy, 
watchful care and skillful management, the phenominal success of this young firm 
is chiefly due ; and while their business career is not yet ended, either in failure 
or success, we feel confident that when that period is readied, Columbus will add 
the name of Jones Brothers to her list of successful men, of whom she has her 
full quota of the three per cent wdio never fail. 

CHATTAHOOCHEE BREWING COMPANY— Office 1205 Broad Street 
Capital S250,000. 
A one-horse wagon, on which were two men, drove into Columbus, Ga., one 
bright spring day in the year 1887. These two persons were brewers from 
Walhalla, S. C, a German settlement, where, after failing to make the success 
their ambition deserved, were prospecting for a more profitable field. An iron 
kettle, capable of brewing one and one-half barrels of beer at a time, and three 
ordinary wine butts in which to ferment, age, and store it after brewing, comprised, 
with their wagon and horse, their stock in trade. They took a great fancy to 
Columbus, so much so indeed that they determined to make it their stopping 
place, but after having had a careful analysis made of the water, they discovered 
that it was not very good for brewing purposes, but just across the river, in Ala- 
bama, they found an inexhaustible supply having all the natural constituents 
necessary for the brewing of the finest beer. Having shown, in a small way, the 
excellent beverage that could be made with it, they interested a few of the most 
prominent citizens, forming a company which finally, from the investment of a 
few hundred dollars, have at last created a company whose vested interests in the 
Brewery now amount to $250,000. Daily the fame of its production increases, 
and with its popularity, the sales go upward, and with the rapid strides made by 
the Chattahoochee Brewing Company, it will soon be among the most prosperous 
in the entire Southern States. The Directors are the leading business men of 
Columbus, and characteristic of their enterprising spirit, they decided at the 
annual meeting of 1891, to have the quality of the beverage made equal to any 
beer in the world, regardless of expense and work. Deeming this course a sound 
polic}', they proceeded at once to put it in operation, and forthwith opened com- 
munications with ]Mr. E. M. Walsh, of Dublin, Ireland, a man with wide experi- 
ence in the brewing business, and possessed of great ability as a manager, who 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 83 

will, under no circumstances, allow any beer to be taken out of tbe brewery that 
is not perfectly brewed and carrying the proper age ; and, adhering to tbe policy 
of making the best beer, the finest German hops and best American malt in the 
market is used. Mr. Walsh will not have any cereoline, rice, grape sugar, glucose, 
or acids of any kind put in the product, and guarantees that it will stand a 
chemical test with any beer in the United States, and as a health tonic, is unsur- 
passed by any beverage whatever ; and last, but not least, possesses a flavor 
highly pleasing to the most fastidious. The brewery has an outfit of the latest 
improved machinery, including ice machines, Corless engines, compression ice 
and ammonia machines. Thirty hands are given employment, among which are 
skilled brewers from Germany. The officers are: E. H. Epping, President; 
E. M. Walsh, Vice-President and General Manager; C. A. E])ping, Secretary 
and Treasurer. The product of this industry is shipped largely throughout 
Georgia, Florida and Alabama, and is sold in every ])ar in Columbus, both in 
liottles and kegs. The Chattahoochee Brewing Company will do much toAvards 
bringing Columbus prominently to the front as an enterprising manufacturing city. 

J. B. HARRISON & CO. — Real Estate, Stock and Bond Brokers, Twelfth 
Street, Near Broad. 
The leading real estate dealers in our city is J. B. Harrison & Co. The 
business of this firm is under the personal charge of Mr. Harrison, a man of 
marked ability and high business honor, a person above all others to take charge 
of a business of this kind, and he will always be found to be a gentleman in 
whom confidence can be placed. The other members of the firm are John F. 
Flournoy, a real estate man of note, who is doing much to advance the various 
interests of the city, and H. H. Epping, a gentleman of high standing in the 
community, who is identified with the progress and development of our city. 
This firm has much valuable city propery on their books, both improved and 
unimproved, of which they will gladly give any desired information. The 
firm of J. B. Harrison & Co. commends itself to the public as one from whom 
the most liberal treatment may be expected. 

T. S. SPEAR — Watchmaker and Jeweler, and Dealer in Fine Diamonds, 

Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver and Silver -Plated Ware, 

1121 Broad Street. 

Columbus has in every department of trade stores equal to any to be found 

elsewhere, and of no line is this more true than of jewelry. Each store seems 

to vie with the other in the beauty and display of their exhibits, and among these 

the handsome store of T. S. Spear holds a leading place, both for the elegance of 

the line carried, but particularly for the fine Avork done in the watch repairing and 

special departments. 

Mr Spear Avas born in New Jersey, Jan. 19, 1825, but early in life moved 
to Charleston, S. C, where he learned his trade, in which he has no superior. 
He followed the business in Charleston for several years in connection with his 
brother J. E. Spear, prior to 1857, in that year coming to Columbus and buying 



84 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



out L. B. Purple. He had in cash capital about $15,000, and having push, energy 
and a determination to succeed, he quickly won for himself a high position. 
Backed by high business honor, he determined to turn out only work that would 
prove satisfactory alike to himself and his patrons. Mr. Spear is identified with 
the progress of the city, and her best interests are ahvays first in his mind. He 
has served as Alderman, filling the office with that same spirit of honesty and 
uprightness that is characteristic of the man. During the war the store was rob- 
bed of a large stock of costly diamonds by Gen. AVilson's raiders. Mr, Spear is 
an optician of no mean skill. He carries a large stock of glasses, in which he 
does the largest business in this section. 

S. L. SIMMONS— Meat Market, 16 Tenth Street. 

Among the enterprises most essential to the well being of the people of a 
city, none are more important than those which furnish the daily supply of pro- 
visions. Among this class we cheerfully devote space to the meat market of Mr. 
S. L. Simmons. The fresh meats sold by this house are always the choicest, as 
Mr. Simmons does not handle any but stall-fed meat. It has long since been 
demonstrated that grass-fed beef does not have the tender, juicy taste that the 
stall-fed meat has, hence the stall-fed meat has the lead. The sausage put up by 
Mr. Simmons cannot be surpassed in quality. His premises numbering 16 Tenth 
street, occupies 25x60 feet, aifording ample room for his sausage-making machinery, 
and all appliances necessary to the successful conduct of his business. He also 
runs stall No. 7 in the market house. Mr. Simmons was born in Macon County, 
Ala., and came to Columbus in 1880; was employed by Cook & O'Brien to work 
in their market, where he served two years, then, with D. L. Thomas, five years, 
and then entering business for himself. Five years has built up a trade second to 
none. Mr. Simmons has followed his trade for twelve years, and no one better 
understands its details or the wants of his customers than he. He is a naan of 
high integrity and sterling business qualities, attentive and courteous to all his 
patrons, liberal and conscientious in all his dealings, he richly merits the success 
he lias attained. 

R. JEFFERSON— Groceries, 1041 Broad Street. 

In a history of the advance and development of Columbus, with reference 
to commercial affairs, the grocery trade must always occupy a very prominent 
position as a branch of mercantile industry, contributing is no small degree to the 
present commercial importance of the city. Among those houses whose extended 
transactions and high standing entitles them to special mention, is that of Mr. R. 
Jefferson, being one of the largest establishments in the city. Mr. Jefferson 
occupies the building located at No. 1041 Broad street, 35x137 feet in size, 
where he has stored a complete stock of the choisest staple and fancy groceries, 
reaching S10,000 in value. Four assistants are employed, and the annual trans- 
actions will reach 865,000. 

Mr. Jefferson conducts business with a capital of $25,000, and is interested 
in an invention of his own make, which has become very popular with all the 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 85 



farmers -who have met -with it. This is Jefferson's celebrated Plow Fender. 
This Fender is a wonder to the farmer, saving time and quality in work to the 
ploughman in any kind of crop, cotton, corn, vegetables, etc., and its cheapness 
puts it in reach of every one. Price, one dollar, while it saves ten dollars, under 
guarantee. The out-put the first year was 3,000, and they are highly recom- 
mended by each purchaser. Mr. Jefferson was born here in 1849, and is well 
known in business circles as a gentleman of large business abilities. His trans- 
actions are large throughout Georgia, Alabama and Florida. He is justly 
esteemed for those attributes which invariably lead to success. 

THE COLUMBUS BARREL MANUFACTURING COMPANY— Works, 

Opposite Central Railroad Compress. 
For wood-working establishments it is evidenced that Columbus has an 
admirable situation. From the large industries now in operation here, and among 
the most prominent, is to be found the Columbus Barrel Manufacturing Company, 
the only one of the kind in this part of the South, and one of the most extensive 
in the entire country, their output being 150 barrels daily. These are used for 
oil, spirits of turpentine, cidar and vinegar, and are shipped to points throughout 
the States of Georgia, Alabama and Florida, and besides barrels, this company 
deals in staves, headings, kegs, etc. Seventy hands are here given employment. 
Steam power is used, a Mtj horse-power engine is required to drive the machin- 
ery, the very latest improvements in machinery is included in the outfit, enabling 
them to lower the cost of production to a considerable extent, and one feature is 
conspicuous, which is, the superior grade of the Columbus-made barrels and kegs. 
The shipping facilities are fine, as they have side-track connection with every rail- 
road centering in Columbus, The officers of the company are: M. M. Hirsch, 
President, and H. Elson, Manager, both residents of this city, and are classed 
among the most enterprising business men of Columbus. The business was estab- 
lished seven years ago, and by good management and a straightforward business 
policy, they have steadily increased their trade every year, until now the business 
reaches i?100,000 per annum. The size of the grounds is just one acre, covered 
with buildings and material. The weekly pay roll is $350. Columbus is justly 
proud of this industry, which demonstrates to the outside world that she is a 
desirable point for manufactures. 

THE EAGLE CLOTHING MANUFACTURING COMPANY— Opposite 
Eagle and Phenix Mills. 

In noting the improvements of the New South and the varied industries 
springing up, that of the manufacturing of jeans pants has grown ([uite promi- 
nent. During the past few years a new departure has taken place in the woolen 
jeans and cottonades consumption, inasmuch as the retail merchant, who, foi-merly 
purchased regularly every year, a stock of jeans and cottonades in the piece, but 
now, instead, he buys ready-made pants of these materials, his customers prefer- 
ing the ready-made garments, as they are more regularly put together than can 
be done at home, and is just as low in the cost, if not cheapear, hence, the 



86 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



increased demand for pants in the South among the farmers, miners and mechan- 
ics, and from the fact that the 60,000 spindles in Columbus produced the material 
for making pants, was a sufficient inducement to a party of enterprising men of 
our city to organize a pants factory, to be called the Eagle Clothing Manufactur- 
ing Company, with M. L. Patterson, President; Abe Strauss, Secretary and 
Treasurer, and L, Meyer, Manager. This company, though but a few years in the 
trade, has gained a reputation on the merits of the work sent out, and one feature 
of their make is the strong seams and special patterns. Their pants and overalls 
are made from jeans, cottonades, denims, etc., that are manufactured specially for 
them. It is only necessary to select a particular pattern and name the weight 
and material and place their order Avith some of the cotton and woolen manufac- 
turers here and thus the exact goods needed are made. Tlie Eagle pants are well 
made and are sold to meet any competition, from any market, and this is one other 
industry assisting_in bringing Columbus to the front as a manufacturing city. 

DELMONICO RESTAURANT— H. A. Payne, Prop., 1021 Broad Street, 
(Opposite Central Hotel. 

The popular and fertile section, of which Columbus is the center, gives her 
great importance as a point of distribution for all kinds of supplies. To persons 
visiting the city on purchasing tours, or for pleasure, it will be interesting to 
know that the city contains a number of establishments designed for the comfort 
and convenience of guests. No restaurant in the city is better prepared for the 
entertainment of patrons, or furnishes a table that, for cleanliness, excellence in 
cooking, and the season's luxuries than the "Delmonico." A still greater advan- 
tage is in having at its head Mr. H. A. Payne, an experienced caterer, whose 
qualifications as a host are excelled by none ; frank, genial and with true ideas of 
hospitality, he gives to the restaurant more varied and greater advantages than 
can be enjoyed elsewhere. He and his employees are courteous and obliging to 
the patrons of his establishment, and everything is prepared in a way that will 
meet the wishes of the most fastidious. The restaurant is run on the European 
plan, meals are furnished table tVhote^ or a la carte, and can be had day or night. 
Mr. Payne has constantly on hand all the delicacies of the season, which are 
served in excellent style. This is the chief restaurant in the city that caters to 
ladies patronage. Ice cream parlors are attached, in which all the popular ices 
are served. 

MILLER & miller- 
Two brothers, T. T. Miller and B. S. Miller, compose the above firm. They 
are both young men, born and reared in a neighboring county, in the noted little 
town of Buena Vista. Although identified with Columbus from their early child- 
hood, they did not locate here until August 1, 1890. Since that time, by their 
pluck, their skill and merit, they have established for themselves an enviable rep- 
utation, and are recognized lawyers of ability, enjoying a lucrative practice. 
One among the first steps of progress made by this firm was the purchase of a 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 87 

library, at a cost of $2,500, and not only is it said to be well selected, but is 
acknowledged to be one of the finest libraries in the city. This makes a fine 
showing in their behalf, for, although they may never be looked upon only from 
the outside, they give to their office and their surroundings an appearance, a dig- 
nity, a learning that can in no wise be claimed by the young practitioner who 
seats himself in an office with no furniture but one chair and a table, and no tools 
but the Georgia code and a form book. The firm of Miller & Miller is a perma- 
nent institution. They have become thoroughly identified with the city, and 
whether for weal or for woe, their fortunes are cast among Columbus people, 
whose destiny shall be their destiny, whose future shall be their future. 
The welfare of the city they have thoroughly at heart, and all schemes 
of public enterprise, in all efforts to advance her material progress and to add to 
her future glory, they'll be found enthusiastic supporters and advocates. Since 
their location here, the business of Miller k Miller has been largely in excess of 
their expectations, for, within about eighteen months' time, they have become the 
regular retained attorneys of some of the most important corporations and largest 
wholesale houses in the city. Close application to business, living in your office 
during office hours, promptness and reliability, merits success any and every- 
where, and these are the elements most conspicuous with the young men. Mr. 
B. S. Miller, the junior member, is a graduate of the Lumpkin Law School, of 
the University of Georgia. We take pleasure in commending them to our read- 
ers, both home and abroad, as prompt, reliable, energetic and capable attorneys. 

J. K. ORR & CO. — Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in Reliable 
Boots and Shoes. 

Columbus a wholesale shoe market ! and one of prominence ; it equals the 
most extensive Eastern markets as regards prices, grades, terms, rates, etc., and 
this fact brought about by the effijrts of one man, who is at the head of the wide 
awake establishment of J. K. Orr & Co. This business Avas instituted in 1884, 
and although young, has gained a reputation that insures for it at extensive trade. 
From the first year of its life this house has sprung forward with a bound and 
entered the race for trade that has rewarded it wi*h a first prize. Keeping well 
up and in advance of their many competitors, they have placed goods with highly 
satisfactory results in the States of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida, 
and are annually reaching out and adding new buyers to their large list. Mr. 
Orr, who has the management of affairs, came to Columbus nineteen years ago 
from New York city, and entered the establishment of J. Kyle & Co., and being 
possessed of an unusual amount of energy and skill, he was placed at the head 
of the wholesale shoe department, and in 1884 organized the present firm, and so 
thorough is his knowledge of the wants of the Southern trade in the shoe line, 
that he has rapidly grown in favor as a shoe merchant with this section, where 
his lines are so largely used. The business has grown from a small trade to an 
annual business of over half a million dollars. Mr. Orr begun the study of the 
shoe business when a youth, and by close application brought himself up to a 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



high standard as a shoe man, and after locating in the South, acquainted himself 
with the demands of the Southern trade, which is totally different from that of 
the Western and Eastern, hence his superior capability for filling the wants of 
this section. J. K. Orr & Co. represent a dozen of the best factories of the 
East; their goods are all made to order, and are sold from Columbus at the same 
prices as are named by their Boston house. With ample capital, long experience 
and superior management, the firm of J. K. Orr k Co. are instrumental in gain- 
ing for Columbus the reputation of being a shoe market second to none in the 
South, and one that is a pride to the city of Columbus. 

BRUSH ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY. 

Mr. W. A. Swift was the first citizen to take steps towards having Colum- 
bus adopt a system of electric lights for the streets, but at first his eftbrts'were 
not encouraged, from the fact that the city government was part owner of the 
gas company, and it required some time in which to gain public favor for the 
substitution of electric lights, which was finally done, wlien the organization of 
this company was perfected, and during the };ast few years they have taken 
advantage of every improvement on this wonderful discovery, and to-day are 
thoroughly equipped for furnishing lights and power. The officers are: W. R. 
Brown, President; W. A. Swift, Secretary and Treasurer; and W. E. Boileau, 
Superintendent. Mr. Brown is the Chief officer of the Columbus Iron Works. 
Mr. Swift is one of the most prominent business men of Columbus ; he is also 
President of the Paragon Manufacturing Company, and Secretary of the Mus- 
cogee Manufacturing Company, and is also a city Alderman, representing the 
Fourth ward. Mr. Boileau, although a citizen of Columbus but three years, 
has become identified as one of our most active and progressive business men. 
He is an expert electrician, and spares no pains to keep the system in thorough 
working order. One hundred and fifty arc and o,(lOO incandescent lights are 
used. The company is making a specialty of lighting up residences, and noAv 
have more than 1,000 lights in this dei)artment. It has recently been necessary 
to add more power, and noAv the spacious brick Iniilding contains two engines of 
150 horse power each, and one of oOO horse power; two boilers of 125 horse 
power each, and two of 150 horse power — a total of 550 horse power for the 
boilers and tiOO for the engines. The lights furnished by this machinery are as 
perfect as can be made, giving entire satisfaction to patrons, 

G. J. PEACOCK — Clothing Manufacturer, No. 1200 Broad Street. 

Some sniviling, cynical, threadbare philosopher, poet, nondescript, or what 
not, once upon a time gave existence to the maxim, aphorism, proverb or axiom, 
"Clothes do not make the man." Pardon us, gentle reader, if we disagree with 
such a notion. John Ruskin, one of the most pleasing writers of the world of 
modern literature, made use of the expression, " Show me a man's books and I 
will read you his character," and the same is true when applied to the outer gar- 
ments of our fellow man. Clothes certainly do not makf the man, but clothes 
are indicative of the man, and we rate our opinion of strangers just as we see 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 89 

them habited. The subject is one that has been discussed and meditated over 
ever since the days when Adam was content to pick posies in company with Eve, 
and she to while away the hours, even in Paradise, made their "garments of fig 
leaves." This commendable taste or habit has been thus handed down to us by 
our first parents, and year by year some new design springs up, some handsome 
fashion that, despite the fallen condition of humanity, causes us to revere the 
memory of our common primogenitor, and to accept our discomfiture cum grano 
sails. Each new season brings to us new adaptations, made to beautify and adorn 
the figure, as well as for utilities sake. This trade, then, having ramified and 
expanded to such an extent, there needs must be capacious houses engaged in its 
conduct. One of the most prominent houses employed in the business is the 
reliable, well-known and justly popular house of G. J. Peacock. This concern 
was started in 1877 by the present proprietor, with about $2,500 capital, while 
now he requires as many thousand dollars as he had hundreds to conduct his 
business. lie gives employment to eighteen males and fifty females regularly, 
and sometimes as many more, while he does an annual business of $60,000, 
extending throughout the Gulf States and in other parts of the United States. 
His sewing machines are operated by a gas engine, which is a great saving of 
strength to the operator. We place his name here, thus confident that his staunch 
character, energy and capital has advanced his pursuit to a first class position, 
and thereby entitles him to honorable mention. Peacock's name has become a 
synonym for fair dealing and elegant work, and his trade includes the most fash- 
ionable and "tony" of the men of this and adjoining cities. Nor have we a 
more liberal, conscientious and accommodating tradesman in our city, and if our 
own personal wishes could be gratified, we could seek no higher purpose in this 
regard than to see Peacock the absolute controller of ten times the trade he has, 
for this state of facts would undoubtedly contribute to a happier and better con- 
dition of the community in which he and his business are located. 

RANKIN HOUSE BARBER SHOP— W. A. Mahone, Proprietor. 

A first-class barber shop must always, in every community, hold a unique 
position, and the best proof of the esteem in which it is held is evinced by the 
amount of patronage Avhich it enjoys. In Columbus one of the oldest and most 
popular establishment of this character is that of W. A. Mahone. His shop is 
30x50 feet in dimension, affording ample room for a number of barbers, bath- 
rooms, etc. Nothing is more refreshing than a good bath, and none are better 
prepared to accommodate you than the Rankin House Barber Shop. Clean 
towels, polite barbers, and prompt attention is the order of the day. They are 
Avell prepared to satisfy the most fastidious in hair-cutting, shaving or shampoo- 
ing, being posted right up on all the latest styles of hair-cutting, etc. W. A. 
Mahone is a man well-known in Columbus, always sober and attentive to business; 
has had a number of years experience in his business*, and always gives universal 
satisfaction. The shaving class of this city know W. A. Mahone to be The 
barber of Columbus. 

(0) 



90 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



J. KYLE & CO. — Importers and Jobbers of Dry Goods and Notions, and 

Manufacturers of Ironclad Brand Pants and Overshirts, Nos. 

1106 AND 1108 Broad Street. 

The growth of a city is always an interesting study, especially when viewed 

from some particular standpoint, and with reference to some particular department 

of human interest. Considering the rise of any populous center from its begin- 



'^^>f5.- 




ning, we find a mvdtitudc of causes contributing to swell the volume of its pros- 
perity, until the tide of its commercial and industrial progress resembles the 
floAv of a mighty river, gathering into its channel the waters of an empire. But 
whatever influences may affect the aggregation of men into communities, there are 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES, 91 

certain natural conditions that must exist in order to give substantial and perma- 
nent character to such growth, and without which, increase is almost purely specu- 
lative, and prosperity temporary and delusive. Given these conditions, however, 
and they may be Avasted by lack of intelligence to see the opportunity they offer, 
or of enterprise to make the most of it, while other points, with fewer natural 
advantages, but cultivating those with more eneigy, overcome the obstacles to 
their progress, and outstrip the sluggard in the race for wealth and power. Hap- 
pily, the pioneers of Columbus were not lacking in either keenness of vision to 
descry the favorable features of the situation, nor in energy and ability to make 
use of them as the foundations of a thrifty and thriving community. Columbus 
is most favorably situated as to the great arteries and highways of commerce, 
having invaluable connections, by river and rail, her mercantile ramifications 
extending in every direction, and yearly growing larger and more important. 
One of the great factors in her progress and improvement has been her dry goods 
interest, and the history of her large wholesale jobbing houses, while a necessary 
and integral part of her statistical biography, is also interesting and valuable as 
an historical record, and useful for purposes of reference. 

Mr. Joseph Kyle is one of our pioneer merchants in the dry goods line, com- 
mencing first in the retail business in 1838, under the firm name of Kyle & Bar- 
nett, and only eleven years after Columbus had received her charter of incorpora- 
tion. In 1843 the firm name became J. & J. Kyle, and three years after they 
moved into a new store, built by them. No. 111(3 Broad street. After ten years 
still larger quarters were required for the volume of business controlled by the 
firm and they moved to the building now occupied by Blanchard & Booth, and 
now owned by Mr. Kyle. Here the firm name was changed to its present style, 
and for more than a quarter of a century this was the leading retail dry goods 
house in this section. Recognizing the fact that dealers in the greater part of the 
adjoining States looked to Columbus, with her facilities for shipping, both by rail 
and water, for supplies in this line of trade, Messrs. J. Kyle & Co. decided to 
engage in an exclusively wholesale business, and moved into their present commo- 
dious building, which has three times been enlarged, but with abundant capita] 
and a large, flourishing trade they are able to meet any demands made upon 
them. The facilities, so far as regard the premises occupied, are all that could be 
desired, 24,000 square feet of space being fully occupied, with a well-selected 
and comprehensive stock of dry goods suited to the trade in this section, including 
foreign and domestic manufactures and a full line of notions. They carry an 
average stock of $100,000, and their annual transactions reach $500,000. As 
manufacturers of the Ironclad Brand of pants and overshirts, this house has 
attained a wide-spread reputation, and supplies a large and increasing trade, a 
larger force of employees being required each year. An eight horse-power gas 
engine is provided for running the machines and a large number of operatives are 
constantly employed in the manufacturing department. The immense business of 
this house is thoroughly organized under different departments, managed by com- 
petent men, all under the constant supervision of tlie proprietors, and in these 



92 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



departments can probably be found more goods suited to the wants of the mer- 
chants in this section of country than can be found under any one roof in the city . 
The number of employees has lately been increased to ninety, of which thirty 
are males, sixty females, including a number of popular and efficient traveling 
salesmen, the monthly pay roll amounting to $2,300. Last year their sales 
reached $500,000, and their trade this year is much larger. Increasing capital 
and superior advantages have but prompted them to greater efforts in their lines 
than have been marked out. Such an enormous business gives them a great 
advantage over their competitors, enabling them to sell goods at close margins, 
and secure for themselves satisfactory profits. The commercial grasp of this 
house extends throughout Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and other States. 
Through all the years that this house has been in existence, all the changes it has 
undergone in the personnel of its proprietors, the trade incident to its long career 
and the depression in business at times, it has maintained, with brightening repu- 
tation, the perfect system, the high degree of mercantile integi'ity, the elevated 
business enterprise with which it was inaugurated by its founder, Mr. Joseph 
Kyle. Wealth is one of the elements of success, but it is non-effective and a 
resultless ingredient when not combined with business sagacity, which acts as a 
balance valve in the regulation of the supply of motive power which capital fur- 
nishes. In the narration of the progress and development of this great house, an 
illustration con be found of the grandly superior power of ability and clear 
thought, even in prosperity, and the subordination of capital to enterprise and 
adaptability. The senior member of this firm is of Scotch-Irish descent, and, 
although advanced in years, is brisk and alert, and bids fair to remain at the head 
of his colossal enterprise a number of years to come. He divides his time 
between his dry goods business and his plantation, called " The Bend," seven 
miles from the city, Mr. Kyle and his spirited bays being a well-known sight to 
our residents. Modest and retiring, he has never sought public office, but his 
voice has certain weight in public matters. His staff of assistants hold for him 
feelings of strong attachment and veneration, and his career is a valuable study to 
younger men in the business. 

Mr. Frederick B. Gordon, the junior member of the firm, has been closely 
identified with the commercial interests of Columbus, having been formerly sec- 
retary of the Chattahoochee Valley Exposition Company, and president of the 
Columbus Board of Trade. He has assumed the active management of this enter- 
prise, purchases all the goods for the dry goods and manufacturing departments, 
dictates all correspondence and decides all questions of credit. Under his man- 
agement the business has received a new impetus, his genial and affable manners 
and cordial greeting of customers making himself many friends and adding 
patrons to their already extensive list. 

Messrs. J. Kyle & Co. have the leading representative house in Columbus, 
and her interests and their name have become co-extensive with the South as a 
house of immense capital, superior stock and admirable business qualifications 
and judgment, with indomitable pluck, enterprise and energy, coupled Avith inva- 
riable courtesy and liberality. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 93 

SOUTHERN PLOW CO, — Manufacturers of Plow Stocks, Steel, Wrought 
AND Cast Iron Plow Hoes, Cast Plows and Cotton Planters, 
The prosperity of a manufactory is an indication both of superiority in the 
output and of the management. The Southern Plow Company Avas incorporated 
in 1877, The officers are: W. R. Brown, President, and G. W. Brown, Secre- 
tary and Treasurer, under Avhose capable management the business is guided in 
a course of true business principles and is enjoying a prosperous career, and it 
is an institution that Avould do honor to any city. Fifty hands are employed in 
the various departments, turning out material to the amount of from $100,000 to 
$125,000 per aimum The product consists of plow stocks, plow hoes, steel, 
Avrought and cast iron plow blades, points, plates, lap rings, grass rods, Avings, 
castings, mold boards, single trees, heel bolts, clevis ii^ons, cast ploAvs, fixtures, 
etc. ; in fact, the Company is fully equipped for furnishing every attachment 
connected Avith improved implements. Mr. G. W. Brown, the Secretary and 
Treasurer, has the business in charge, and keeps the popular demand up to a 
high standard, making shipments throughout the Southern States, regardless of 
sharp competition from other portions of the United States. Besides plows, 
this institution is manufacturing various kinds of cotton planters. The buildings 
occupy a space 300x100 feet, and Ave Avould state that the Southern PIoav Com- 
pany is valuable to Columbus in shoAving to the outside Avorld that Ave have an 
industrious city. 



COLUMBUS IRON WORKS— Manufactures of "Columbus Iron Works 
Absorption Ice Machine," Steam Engines, Boilers, Tanks, Saav 
Mills, Cane Mills, Mill and Gin Gearing, Cotton Presses, Cal- 
ender Rolls, Etc., Etc., Eec. 
Columbus has been brought conspicuously to the front as a manufacturing 
city by having within her limits the most extensive Iron Works in the entire South 
this side of Riclmiond, Va., and with this exception, there is not a Avide difference, 
by any means — and in the class of Avork turned out there is no institution in the 
country in advance of the Columbus Iron Works. To one unacquainted Avith the 
magnitude of this plant it Avould be necessary to make a personal inspection to 
grasp the situation, as there are six acres covered with buildings, machinery and 
material, besides the tOAvering stacks of lumber to be seen outside of the yards 
on the river banks. The hum of flying machinery, the clank of the mechanic's 
hammer, the puff of various steam engines here and there, the rumbling of planers, 
the hustle and bustle of 175 active mechanics, gives the appearance of a human 
bee-hive. Here is produced and finished "The Columbus Iron Works Improved 
Absorption Ice Machine," the most popular Ice machine made; there are also 
manufactured steam engines, boilers, tanks, saAv mills, calender rolls, cotton presses, 
shafting, pulleys and hangers, hollow-ware, mill and gin gearing, cane mills, and 
sash, doors and blinds, the latter department is (juite extensive. They also han- 
dle largely, rough and dressed lumber, sliingles, laths and lime. The department 
for repairing work is also a feature, in this establishment, and quite a novelty in 



94 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



mechanics is to be seen here, which is in the welding of pipe coils together by 
electricity, in this line they are perpared to furnish the electric welded pipe coils 
of any description, and are executing an extensive amount of work. Pumps and 
Clayton's double Turbine water wheels are other products of this plant. The 
foundry is deserving of special mention, having every facility for turning out all 
kinds of work regardless of size and complication of pattei-ns. About 880,000 
per annum is paid out for labor. The business extends throughout the Southern 
States, and into Kansas, Illinois, Ohio, Indian Territory and Pennsylvania. Mr. 
Brown, the President, was reared in Columbus. He established these works in 
1853, and in 1856 the same was incorporated. The officers now are, W. R. 
Brown, President: W. H, Brannon, Secretary and Treasurer, and W. Cook, 
Superintendent. Under this management the already large business, which, last 
year was about a half million dollars, is enjoying a healthful growth, ond the 
establishment a pride to the State as well as the city. 



SHEPHERD'S BRICK YARDS— Shepherd Brothers, Proprietors. 

To the collector of statistical data of the business interests of so great and 
progressive a city as Columbus, facts bearing on her most important facilities and 
resources, are more apparent than to the casual visitor, or even to a citizen. 
Special branches of industry', which are contributing more than most others, not 
only to her extension and improvement, but to her solidity and attractive appear- 
ance. Amonfi; these, all branches connected with the buildinir facilities and 
resources, are worthy of special mention, and as Columbus is to-day furnishing 
most desirable material for manufacturing brick, and dailv turnino; out larcje kilns 
of this product in superior grade, this class of industry deserves particular notice. 
"We are led into these remarks by a visit to the works of Shepherd Brothers, at 
Shepherd's Brick Yards, and an inspection of their products, which are conceded 
to be the finest in quality, appearance, color, shape and smoothness, so far made. 
They manufacture brick from the Nolan-Madden machine, one of the very best 
brick machines, with every late improvement, and having the finest raw material 
to be found in the South, they are possessed of every facility for making the best 
brick to be found, and it is this grade that has brought Columbus to the front as a 
superior brick market. A forty-horse power engine and boiler is used to drive 
the machinery. Messrs. Shepherd Brothers own 200 acres of ground at their 
yards, which gives them an inexhaustible supply of the finest material. Their 
capacity is 9,000,000 brick yearly, including pressed, common and ornamental 
brick. The individual members of the firm are A. H. Shepherd and A. W. Shep- 
herd. They were raised in Columbus, and are among our most influential and 
prominent citizens. This business begun in 1890, and since its inception has 
enjoyed a large and lucrative trade, which reaches throughout this State, Ala- 
bama and Florida. Continued on the plan of an honorable, straightforward 
policy, with which they have inaugurated their business. Shepherd Brothers will 
soon change into steady, vigorous maturity, and, their establishment become a 
representative one in its line. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIE: 



95 



THE STEAM PLANT ^ PLUMBIXG COMPANY— Sanitart Plumbers, 
No. 1145 First Avenue, G. B. Hiett, Proprietor. 
A good and reliable plumber is an indispensible necessity in every commu- 
nity, and in Columbus Mr. G. B. Hiett ranks with the best in all respects- 
Started in 1890 he has, by the excellence of his -work, and the promptness with 

which it is performed, already attained the 
leading rank. His salesroom and workshop 
are large and commodious, a number of skill- 
ful hands are employed and the trade extends 
all over the city and country, and is annually 
increasing. Mr. Hiett does all manner of 
plumbing, gas and steam fitting, and hot air 
furnace works, these branches being their 
specialty. He also puts up pumps, bath 
tubs, etc., in the most thorough and work- 
man-like manner, and every piece of work 
from their establishment is guaranteed. Mr. 
Hiett has been in the business since 1872, 
and is thoroughly familiar with all the 
branches of his business. He is a native of 
Tennessee, but has resided in Columbus for 
the past four years. The past honorable 
career of this house is an evidence of their 
fair and able business transactions, which has 
criven universal satisfaction. C)ur readers 
will find this house one of the most reliable ones in this line of business in the 
State, and will reap a benefit in opening business relations with them. All work 
entrusted to them is sure of prompt attention and of being satisfactorily 
performed, 

M. .JOSEPH — Jobber of Dry Goods, Notions, Etc., 1131, 1133, 1135 and 
1187 Broad Street. 

The business prosperity, enterprise and solidity of a city are, in a large 
measure, indicated by the extent and character of her business houses. Among 
them, the names of the wealthy old dry goods houses have become as familiar as 
household words. Their reputation extends that of their cities, and in no other 
branch do we find firms whose business transactions cover an extent of territory, 
limited only by the natural boundaries of the country. Columbus is favorably 
situated as to facilities for the transportation and distribution of merchandise. By 
rail she reaches the cities and towns of Georgia, Alabama and Florida. She con- 
trols the inland routes by river from here to the Gulf of Mexico, through a rich 
and fertile country 

One of the great factors in her progress and improvement has been her dry 
goods interests, and the history of her large wholesale jubbing houses, while a 
necessary and an integral part of her biography, will be also interesting and valu- 
able as an historical record, and useful for future reference. The mercantile his- 




96 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



tory of M, Joseph is exceptionally interesting. Mr. Joseph begun retailing dry 
goods in Columbus in 1852, with a capital of eighty-five dollars, and to-day, is 
doing a business of seven hundred thousand dollars per annum, requiring the 
services of twenty efficient men to conduct the different departments. The aver- 
age amount of stock corried is $125,000, and is complete in every particular. 
The stand of M. Joseph is at 1131, 1133, 1135 and 1137 Broad street, being 
centrally located and possessed of every convenience adapted to shipping and 
receiving goods. 

About seventeen years ago the leading merchants began making efforts to 
secure reduced freight rates from the large markets to Columbus. Success Avas 
their reward, we were put upon an equal footing with the other principal points 
of this section, as regards freight rates. Mr. Joseph (then in the retail business) 
realizing the situation, changed his system from the retail to the wholesale trade, 
and soon had his salesmen traveling the rich territory adjacent to this city, and 
through his pluck, enterprise and energy, has reached out further and further for 
business, and, year after year a large increase has resulted, until now this house 
has taken rank with the leading wholesale establishments in this part of the South. 
dry goods and notions are rolled out of the establishment of M. Joseph every 
day destined to Mineral regions of Alabama, the Lumber districts of Georgia 
throughout the Land of Flowers and fruits, up and down the fertile valley of the 
Chattahoochee, and on the Gulf coast, and into the cities, towns and villages of 
all this section embraced in the three States. This leading representative mer- 
chant of Columbus, M. Joseph, is widely known, his name has become familiar 
throughout the South, his reputation that of a progressive and thorough business 
manager. 

KELLY & CO. — ^Wholesale Grocers, Nos. 10 to 16 Tenth Street. 

The term grocer was formerly used to signify a merchant who sold the staple 
coffee, tea, etc., in gross, but with the progress in trade, the business of the 
grocer became more comprehensive and his stock enlarged, including many arti- 
cles carried by houses or branches as specialties. Mercantile establishments are 
divided into two classes: those who deal in necessities or staples, and those who 
deal in luxuries and specialties; the latter are useful, but their patronage is con- 
fined to the wealthy and fashionable ; the first are indispensible — their custom 
comes from all classes, their wares supply wants of actual necessity to the health, 
comfort and vigor of man. In this class are included grocers whose main stock 
consists of articles entering into the food supply, in some instances articles of 
luxury are included, as liquors, canned goods, tobaccos, etc. There is no more 
important factor in the commercial and industrial growth of a city than the 
grocery trade, and no more unerring criterion by which to estimate its enterprise. 
Flourishing, well conducted and prosperous grocery firms indicate the existence 
of energy and industry, wliich are the surest evidences of progress and the devel- 
opment of commercial interests. The wholesale grocery trade will always occupy 
a foremost position in Columbus, as it conduces, in a very great degree, to her 
importance as a mercantile point. This city has several houses, the trade of which 
will compare most favorably with those of the large Eastern and Western cities. 



COMMEKCE, MA-NUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 97 

and among these houses there are none better entitled to special mention than 
the establishment of Kelly & Co. This concern was started by Farmer, Kelly & 
Co. in 1888, the present firm succeeding to the business in 1890. The extensive 
premises of the establishment are conveniently located on Tenth street, with a 
building 100 feet square, two stories in height, which is fully utilized in the 
prosecution of business. The stock carried is always full and complete in all 
departments, and is commensurate with the business, the value being placed at 
$30,000. An inspection of the business premises evidences the perfect system 
of the establishment, various departments moving with regularity, all under the 
management of the proprietors. In the stock will be found every conceivable 
article pertaining to the trade. Ten employees are required in selling and hand- 
ling goods and the trade extends throughout Alabama, Florida and Georgia, the 
annual transactions reaching half a million dollars. The individual members of 
the firm are Messrs. M. W. Kelly and John R. Kelly. They were born in Cen- 
tral Georgia, but moved to Southwestern Alabama when boys, and gained their 
excellent business experience there. Mr. M. W. Kelly was engaged in business 
in Columbia, Ala., until 1888, when he came to Columbus. Mr. John R. Kelly 
was in business in Newton, Ala., until the present house was formed, when he 
became a member. These are the qualifications, resources and facilities of a repre- 
sentative firm of our city's commercial history of this period, a practical illustra- 
tion that enterprise, sound business principles and commendable ambition will 
assure success, wheresoever the location may be, and that they, not chance, are 
the prime elements in progress. 

MRS. A. POSADA — Dealer in Cigars, Tobacco, Pipes, Etc., No. 16, 
Twelfth Street. 
In a careful review of the various commercial industries of Columbus, it is 
plainly observable that a detailed mention of each evidences great advantages 
which some possess over others in the same line of business. The result of longer 
experience and a greater, natural aptitude to their particular trade or profession. 
In the cigar and tobacco business, Mrs. A. Posada may be said to have attained 
her reputation and prosperous trade from both of the essentials above mentioned, 
being one of the pioneers in the business in this section, with an experience of 
thirty-three years, and a practical knowledge of the business in all of its details. 
She established herself in business in this city in 1876 with small capital, while 
the city Avas still in its youth, and before it had put on metropolitan habiliments. 
This business, conducted with energy, close application and industry, backed by 
her superior knowledge of its requirements, has been successful from the start, 
and Mrs. Posada has succeeded in building up a lucrative patronage. She carries 
a complete stock — consisting of imported and domestic cigars in all grades and 
qualities, the most popular brands of chewing and smoking tobaccos, pipes and 
smoker's Sundries generally. Iler premises are commodious and convenient, 
50x100 feet in size. Her trade, besides being largely local, extends through this 
immediate section, reaches $5,000 annually. This house is justly entitled to the 
consideration and patronage of the public, and the proprietress to the esteem that 
energy, honesty and industry always inspire. 



98 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



TOL Y. CRAWFORD— Attorney-at-Law, 1155| Broad Street. 

Among the young men who have, in a few years, written their names high 
on the tablet of fame, none in our city are more worthy of the success they have 
achieved than Tol, Y. Crawford, the promising young attorney-at-law, at present 
City Solicitor of Columbus. Mr. Crawford was born in Kentucky in 18G0, 
and came to Columbus in 1883, studying law with Mr. Reese Crawford, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1885. He was a student at Center College, Louisville, 
Ky. It was necessary for him to i-emain with the people of Columbus but a short 
time ere they discovered his superior ability, as is evidenced by his election as city 
attorney in 1889, and again in 1890. He is a pushing young man, who is bound 
to win success in his chosen profession, and in the end hold a leading place in the 
law. 

CENTRAL LINE OF BOATS. 

On the 29th day of November, 1828, a pole boat named the Rob Roy, with 
a cargo of merchandise consigned to J. Fontaine, Maherry, Love cS: Co., landed 
at Columbus — this being the first craft to touch at this point in the history of the 

town. The Rob Roy was from 
Apalachicola, Fla., and was 
propelled with long poles, 
operated by the roustabouts. 
^ The first steamboat, the Vir- 
ginia, landed here May 25th, 
1829, from Apahichieola, and on the 28th of December, made her second trip 
here and returned ladened with 400 bales of cotton for New Orleans. The first 
steamer owned by citizens of Columbus was the "Georgian," built at Pittsburg, 
Pa., and made the trip from Pittsburg to Columbus in fifteen days. And with 
the progress of time and growth of the country, the river traffic kept pace, and 
at the present day the amount of business transacted on the Chattahoochee river, 
between Columbus and Apalachicola, is of marked importance, and of the several 
lines of steamboats in this trade, that of the Central Line of Boats deserves spe- 
cial mention. Mr. Samuel J. Whitesides is the proprietor of the line, and hav- 
ing the experience of thirty years in the business, and being a successful and 
enterprising man, he is in a position to know the requirements of his numerous 
patrons, and by his upright transactions has grown in popularity to an enviable 
degree. There are two large packets in the trade, requiring the employment of 
thirty-seven hands, drawing a pay-roll of $1200 per month. These steamers ply 
the Chattahoochee, Apalachicola, Flint and Chipola rivers, doing a large and 
extensive business. Mr. George B. Whitesides is a son of the proprietor, and 
for a number of years has held the position of manager, Avhich position he holds 
with ability, and having been reared in the business is, as a natural consequence, 
quite familiar with every detail in connection, and for this reason is the Central 
Line of Boats so popular and doing such a thriving business. 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 99 

RIDDLE & NUCKOLLS— Wholesale Tobacco and Cigars, Corner Four- 
teenth Street and First Avenue. 

In endeavoring to preserve some record of our counnereial firms l)y histori- 
cal notes, our object in introducing this department of our work is attributed 
more to a desire to gather together remembrances of such interesting nature, 
rather than to seek opportunity for personal compliment. But it is qviite admis- 
sible for us to say that the house of Riddle & Nuckolls, wholesale tobacconists, 
belongs to that> class of enterprising business firms which have given the city her 
reputation abroad. This enterprise was started in 1887 by Mr. J. W. Riddle, 
and in 1889 Mr. J. K. Nuckolls was admitted to the firm. The business premises 
consist of half an acre of ground covered with buildings, including their large 
store room for tobacco and cii;;ars. Messers. Riddle & Nuckolls are agents for 
the Humming Bird, Fat Possum, Lucy Neal and Eli Tobaccos, and Big Nickel 
navy Tohacco,^^ Little Carrif,^^ Spanish Flag and Custom House Cubanna cigars, 
and Bower's Three Thistle Snuft". A large and flourishing trade is transacted 
throughout Georgia, Florida and Alabama. Nine employees are required in the 
business, and all orders are filled with promptness and satisfaction to all concerned. 
The stock carried is valued at $15,000, and the transactions reach 3100,000. All 
of the business operations of this concern are under the direct supervision of the pro- 
prietors, enabling them to guarantee the purity and good quality of all goods they 
pvit upon the market, and has given their goods a reputation second to none. The 
greatest care and attention is bestowed in every department, making their house 
one of the most jyrominent of ourflourshing business houses. Mr. J. W. Riddle 
has lived in Columbus thirty-four years, and may be appropriately classed among 
our most prosperous and enterprising merchants. He has had fifteen years 
experience in this line of trade, and thoroughly understands its requirements. 
Mr. Nuckolls is also a native Georgian, and is widely known for his sterling busi- 
ness qualities. He was connected for a number of years with the firm of J. Kyle 
& Co., of this city, also proprietor of the large wholesale hat house of J. K. 
Nuckolls & Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. No firm enjoys a higher position commer- 
cially, which considering the liberal and enterprising spirit that actuates its opera- 
tions, is as natural as it is justly deserved. 

VERNON HOTEL BARBER SHOP— J. A. Neals, Proprietor. 

When yon want an easy shave, 

As good as barber ever gave : 

Call on me at my saloon — 

]\Iorning, evening or at noon I 

I cut and dress the hair with grace, 

To suit the custom of the face; 

My rooms are neat, towels clean. 

Shears sharp and razors keen : 

Everything I think you'll find, 

To suit the face and please the niiiid. 

All my art and skill can do, 

If you will call I will do for you. 



100 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



BLANDFORD & GRIMES— Attorneys-at-Law. 

In our column, while reviewing the trade and conditions of trade of our city, 
we do not wish to pass by that class of men who is so potent in advancing the 
interests of every community — tlie lawyer. The Bar of Muscogee county might 
well be termed a galaxy of stars, but there are none more talented or deserving 
of more notice than our friends. Judge Blandford and Captain Grimes. Mr. 
Blandford, the senior member of the firm, is a brilliant man, of unusual learning, 
fully rounded out in all the departments of his profession. Possessed of judicial 
mind and force of character, he was placed on the Supreme Bench in 1883, which 
place he filled with honor alike to himself and the State until 1801. He is a 
native of Warren county and came to Columbus in 1869. He studied law with 
Judge R. Y. Howderman, in Jones county, and was admitted to the Bar in 1814 
under a special act of the Legislature. His health was impaired while suffering 
the hardships of a campaign in Mexico in '40 and '48. He served through all 
the years of the late war. Pleasant, learned and interesting, he is a superior man 
who has hosts of friends, and deserves them. Mr. T. W. Grimes is a native of 
Greene county. He served through two years of the war, and shortly afterward 
entered political life. He had been a brave soldier in war and now, in politics, he 
was a rival worthy of the steel of a Knight. He was elected to the lower house 
of Congress in 1868, and in 1875 to the Senate of his State. From 1878 to 
1880 he was Solicitor-General of the Chattahoochee Circuit. His people again 
called him to represent them in the Fifty-second Congress, and again in the 
stormy Reed Congress, he nobly defended the rights of the minority. Mr. 
Grimes has been a close student from boyhood, studying law with Rumsey & 
Lamar, he was early admitted to practice. He is an able lawyer, an honest citi- 
zen and a noble gentleman. 

M. T. BERGAN — Wholesale Liquors, Bottling Works, Manufacturer of 
Ice, and Agent Christian Moerlein Beer, Corner Broad and 
Dillingham Streets. 
Worthy of liberal mention in any work relating to the general business 
activities of a city like Columbus, are all enterprises wdiich conduce to the con- 
venience and benefit of the general community, claiming importance as leading 
industries, which give reputation to a city for manufacturing enterprise and pro- 
gressive spirit, whether by individual or corporate action. This city has reason 
to be proud of her manufacturing interests, and of no one concern more so than 
that of Mr. Bergan. This establishment was founded seven years ago by the 
present proprietor, who has done as much, perhaps, to extend the reputation of 
Columbus and bring the excellence of her products before the people of this sec- 
tion as any other firm in the city. A complete and well selected assortment of 
wholesale liquors is kept in stock, and in the bottling department a large business 
is transacted. As manufacturer of ice, iNIr. Bergan fills a long felt want in this 
part of the South, and supplies a large trade. The business premises are 75x147 
feet in size and contain apparatus and appliances of the most excellent character, 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 101 

the facilities being fully equal to the capacities of an immense trade. Twenty 
employees are required in the transaction of business and in the manufacturing 
department, and orders are filled in a prompt and careful manner. Mr. Bergan 
enjoys an extended and flourishing trade throughout Georgia, Florida and Ala- 
bama, and he is fully prepared to meet any demands made upon him for goods in 
his line. The ice factory turns out seven tons of ice per day, and Mr. Bergan 
has a branch house in Griffin, -where he manufactures ice also, and supplies that 
point and country tributary to it. The career of Mr. Bergan has been most suc- 
cessful, on account of the ability and skill with which be has operated his estab- 
lishment, and the liberal, enterprising policy that has characterized its business. 
Mr. Bergan was born in Ireland fifty-four years ago. He has resided in Colum- 
bus for thirty years, and is well known and popular among our people. He has 
always been esteemed a man of unusual energy, strong force of character and 
liberal business characteristics, his business enterprises always occupying a promi- 
nent position in the community, uniformly managing his business with skill and 
success. He deserves the praise and congratulations of the citizens for building 
up this splendid system of economy and thrift in their midst, and we would here 
take occasion to remark that such men build up the reputation and trade of cities 
and enable them to retain it. 

SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY— 12 Twelfth Street. 

The hum of the sewing machine is heard all over the land. There is no voice 
in which there is more music than in its delicate click, for it means a cessation for 
weary women, a folding of tired hands, and a closing of weary eyes which before 
the sewing machine came to make the tiresome seams, must have worked long after 
the rest of the household had sought their couch. There are few houses in the 
land in which the name of the " Singer Machine " is not familiar. It is not excelled 
by any sewing machine in the market, both as to simplicity of machinery and 
beauty of woodwork. Its management is so easy that a little child may soon 
learn to work it, and its '' light running" is so famous that the most delicate ladies 
are enabled to use it without detriment to health. The attachments are unsur- 
passed, and a woman can make almost anything that fancy may suggest. The 
ware-rooms and office for Columbus and surroundino; counties is located at No. 12 
Twelfth street, being tastefully and handsomely fitted and furnished, with sufficient 
room to accommodate many hundred machines. The manager of the Columbus 
branch is C. C. Gunter, who gives all his time and attention to this Avork ; he has 
accomplished much for the machine in the territory under his supervision and con- 
trol. Energy and business tact superior to that shown by this gentleman is rarely 
evinced, and the company thoi'oughly appreciate his success. The high standing 
he enjoys is justly due him, being a man of sterling worth and keen intelligence. 
Everybody contemplating purchasing a new machine should not fail to examine 
"The Singer" before they purchase, as it gives entire satisfaction in every case. 
It presents a beautiful appearance, is light running, speedy, silent and easy. " To 
try it is to buy it." 



102 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 

IIH<)DES BROWNE— General Fire Insurance Agent, Office 1048 Broad 
Street, Georgia Home Building. 

The principle of insurance is founded upon the doctrine of probabilities. 
According to this doctrine, if we take a sufficiently extended range of instances, 
the probability of a certain event happening can be ascertained with a consider- 
able degree of accuracy. It is in this way that insurers calculate their risks and 
estimate their premiums. From extended series of observations and carefully 
prepared tables they know the chances of the event insured against happening, 
and determine the amount of the premium accordingly. The business of insur- 
ance is generally carried on by companies having a large subscribed capital, by 
means of which they are able without difficulty to meet any heavy loss, while 
their premiums being proportioned to their risks, their profit is, at an average, 
independent of such contingencies. The advantages of insurance are very great. 
AVhile to a merchant the loss of his building and stock might be a very serious 
matter, he can thus, by the payment of a certain sum, provide against it, so that 
he may carry on his business with a feeling of perfect security. The insurer is 
usually called an underwriter, because he writes his name at the foot of the policy. 
Columbus has a number of agencies representing foreign and domestic comjDanies, 
among tlie most prominent of Avhich is that of Mr. Rhodes Browne. This agency 
was originally established in 1859, and represents some of the best and most reli- 
able companies of the world. A glance at the companies represented by Mr, 
Browne will carry the convincing proof of their worth and ability : Georgia 
Home Insurance Company, of Columbus, Ga., Queen Insurance Company, of 
Liverpool, England, Commercial Union Assurance Company, of London, England, 
Norwich Union Insurance Society, of Norwich, England, Greenwich Insurance 
Company, of New York, and Central City Insurance Company, of Selma, Ala- 
bama, with combined assets reaching $10,000,000. 

J. W. ENNIS — General Merchandise. 

One of the largest and most prominent retail establishments in the city devoted 
to the general merchandise business, is that of J. W, Ennis, situated on Rose Hill. 
The building occupied is 35x80 feet, and admirably arranged throughout for the 
handling of his extensive business. He carries a complete stock of all kinds of 
goods, amounting to from $2,000 to $5,000, according to the demands of the sea- 
son, and does an annual business of $18,000 in the city and surrounding country. 
The merchant who heads this article is one of that class, who, through business 
astuteness, working with small capital, but having that business sagacity and fore- 
sight, has placed himself on a footing by the side of those whose capital at the 
start was much greater. Mr. Ennis is thoroughly posted in his business, has been 
brought up in it. He is fully alive to the wants of the public, and has the honor 
and esteem of all who have business relations with him. He is a live, progres- 
sive and enterprising citizen, always has the interest of Columbus at heart, ready 
and willing to do anything to advance the city's interest. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



103 




THE SOUTHERN COLLEGE OF MUSIC— Incorporated Aug. 21, 1889. 
In the April of 1886 Mme. Antoinette Brousil-Grant and Prof. H. McCor- 
mack opened a school of music in Columbus, and so thorough and satisfactory 
"was the instruction given that it immediately met with flattering success. After 
three years of ever increasing prosperity, this school was re-organized into the 
Southern College of Music, which was duly chartered by the courts Auo-ust 24 
1889. The object of this change was to enlarge the field of labor, and to plan 
and follow a more complete course of study than was possible in the smaller 
school. In order that the work done by this school may compare favorably with 
that of any other similar school, only the very finest teachers and musicians have 
been employed. The faculty for the present year consists of: Mme. A. B. 
Grant, Piano, Organ and Singing; II. McCormack, Piano, Flute and Theory; 
Alexander de Czeke, Violin and Theory ; Carl Hessler, Piano, Violin, Cornet and 
Orchestra Playing. The preparation of teachers is a specialty, and the fortunate 
holder of a diploma from the Southern College of Music will have a choice of 
many lucrative positions. For catalogue containing full particulars of course of 
study, methods employed, etc., address A. G. Grant, Secretary and Treasurer, 
1221 Fourth avenue, Columbus, Ga. 

COLUMBUS WATER WORKS CO. 

Since water, like climate, has a sanitary bearing on a city's advantages, it 
is of the highest importance to have a bountiful supply of that good and whole- 
some beverage, so freely bestowed by God himself to " nourish and invigorate 
His creatures and to beautify His footstool." Then, too, villages and hamlets, 
and even towns and cities, are oftener than from any other cause located in 
proximity to good water. For all manufacturing purposes, for laundry require- 
ments and for culinary needs, as Avell as for the extinguishment of fires, Colum- 



104 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 

bus has a water supply that is second to none in the entire State. For many 
years Columbus jogged along in the old way without any system of water works; 
true, for drinking purposes, nearly every house had its well or cistern, but there 
was no water for fire protection, and when the cit}' was visited by this fiend the 
old "Bucket Brigade" was called forth to extinguish the flames. Soon, enter- 
prising men and capital came, and a contract was made by Thos. R. White Avith 
the city, and the water works were established. The plant consists of a number 
of miles of pipe, varying from 6 to 12 inches in diameter; a stand-pipe and two 
reservoirs — the reservoirs being located in Lee County, Ala., about three miles 
from the city, and capable of storing about one hundred and forty -five millions 
of gallons of water. These reservoirs are fed by never failing springs and are 
at an elevation of 119 feet above the level on Avhich the city stands, and there- 
fore the water is delivered entirely by gravity, afi"ording an average pressure of 
40 pounds for fire protection, sanitary purposes and general use by consumers, 
and no pumping is necessary to produce this pressure. The stand-pipe is 20 
feet in diameter and 120 feet high ; capacity 350,000 gallons. The Company 
has a contract with the city and receives in hydrant rentals, together with' Avater 
rents from consumers, about thirty thousand dollars per annum. The expenses 
of operating the plant are about six thousand dollars per annum, Avhich is a very 
gratifying showing for the short time it has been operated by the present man- 
agement. The plant is gradually increasing, it being in contemplation soon to 
erect another reservoir Avith a storage capacity of four hundred millions of gal- 
lons Avhich, added to the present one hundred and forty -five millions, Avould give 
a gi*and total of five hundred and forty -five millions storage capacity, thereby 
lookino; far into the future needs of Columbus. 

Mr. H. H. Epping is President (and also President of the Chattahoochee 
National Bank), Mr. J. G. Beasley is Secretary and Treasurer, and Mr. M. 11. 
Tuggle is Superintendent. These are men fully conversant Avith tlie business 
in Avhich they are engaged, Avith broad and liberal vicAvs and great expectations 
for the future of Columbus. They are men of the highest social standing, and 
enjoy the esteem of their fellow citizens in the highest degree, and to them 
much credit is due for the success their Avorks have achieved. 



PIEDMONT CIDER WORKS— Corner Fourteenth Street and First 
Avenue. 
A man Avho creates a ncAv and profitable branch of manufacture is a pub- 
lic 1)enefactor, but he Avho, in addition to this furnishes the j)eople Avith an article 
of drink Avhich partakes of nearly all the nutritive qualities of a beverage with- 
out the fre(iuent diletarious effects of violent stimulants — an article Avhich is 
healthgiving in all its properties, and the general use of Avhich cannot fail to ele- 
vate the health average of the people. A man Avho does this, absolutely deserves 
the gratitude of his felloAV man. We desire, therefore, to cite an instance in 
point: Prior to 1890 there Avas not a cider manufactory for bottling cider in 
Columbus, but in that year a factory Avas started by Riddle & Nuckolls, Avho 
built uj) such an enormous trade that it Avas necessary to take another ])artner. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 105 

in 1892 Mr. Ed, Shepherd was taken in, thus making the firm consist of J. W. 
Riddle, J. K. Nuckolls and E. A. Shepherd. The Piedmont Cider Company and 
Soda Works have a daily bottling capacity of 250 bottles of soda water, and 100 
kegs cider and seventy-five dozen champagne cider, and a specialty is made of bot- 
tling all kinds of cider, soda and mineral waters. A glance at their price list 
shows that among their productions in keg, half-barrel and barrel, are refined fruit 
grape, peach, orange and cherry, sand refined grape and peach, plain peach and 
strawberry, pure apple and crabapple, ginger ale and ambrosia ciders, all of which 
they make the highest grade, and are prepared to furnish in any quantities. They 
use none but the most improved machinery, a combination of the best English and 
American manufactures. Their factory covers one-quarter acre of ground, giving 
employment to eleven hands, who receive good wages for their labor. Their's is 
one of the largest of its kind in the South, and is under the management of Mr. E. A. 
Shepherd, who is a native Georgian, Avith ten years experience in the business, 
and is recognized for his excellent business qualities, high integrity, and is a live, 
progressive citizen. Such men are the backbone of a city's prosperity. They 
never hold back, but move on with the car of progress, 

TURNER BROS,— Manufacturing Pharmacists, 1002 Broad Street, 
Under Rankin House, 
The importation, manufacture and dispensing of drugs and chemicals is one 
of the most important branches of business in this country, as well as the most 
responsible and worthy of attention. In old times the medical practitioner com- 
pounded his own preparations, kept his supply of drugs and dispensed them. 
The legitimate druggist is of comparatively modern origin, as a distinct profes- 
sion, in this country. We were until about 1815 dependent on foreign talent and 
skill, most of the prominent articles and pharmaceutical preparations being im- 
ports from German, English and Erench laboratories. But of late years, the 
educated druggist having entered the field, the apothecary has been separated 
from the mere shop-keeper, and the business elevated to a professional rank. 
Much attention, too, of recent years has been directed to the complete profes- 
sional education of pharmacists, and colleges for that purpose have been estab- 
;lished in the metropolitan cities of the country, a diploma being now considered 
a. mie quo non for the successful and reliable pharmacist. The drug business 
covers a .large field, embracing a great variety of distinct articles, and the 
requisite knowledge of each and its properties and effects, which every competent 
druggist should have, makes it a profession requiring unremitting study and 
profound research. The character of an establishment, like that of individuals, 
is generally measured by its success, and, if professional, by its merit. In pre- 
senting a record of the commercial industries of Columbus, it is important to 
select representative establishments, and to consider those most successful and 
worthy of confidence. One of the largest, most complete and attractive drug 
estal:(lishments in the city is that of Turner Bros., located at No. 1002 Broad 
street, under the Rankin House. These gentlemen started in business together 

(H) 



106 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



in 1889 with limited capital, and have attained a fair share of trade in their line 
from our citizens. They carry a most complete and well selected assortment of 
articles usually found in houses of this description, and also are sole proprietors 
and manufacturers of Turner's Liver Pills, Picine and Diarrhoea Cordial. Their 
stock is valued at $9,000, and the annual transactions, which are local in char- 
acter, will reach $25,000. Three courteous, attentive and capable assistants are 
employed, the monthly disbursements reaching $225. Messrs. J. P. and J. C. 
Turner are the individual members of the firm, Mr. J. C. Turner occupying a 
prominent position with Tarrant & Co., of New York. Mr. J. P. Turner was 
born in Columbus in December, 1859, and commenced the study of his profes- 
sion in 1877. The success of Turner Bros, in competition with the old estab- 
lished houses is not only surprising, but the best indication of their superior 
merit and enterprising business policy. 

N. B. — Messrs. Turner Bros, make a specialty of manufacturing fine soda 
water. Ask for their recipes. 

F. B. TOMBLIN — Dealer in Staple and Fancy Groceries, Girard, Ala. 
The grocery trade in all towns and cities has its representatives who, both on 
account of the superior class of goods they handle and the reputation of the house 
for straightforward dealings, are acknowledged to be the leaders. Such a position 
is occupied by Mr. F. B. Tomblin. He deals in all kinds of Staple and Fancy 
Groceries and does a large business annually. Mr. Tomblin makes a specialty of 
"Ballard's Obelisk Flour" and fine water-ground meal. Especial notice is due 
to his finely and well-selected stock of canned goods, candies, etc. He also car- 
ries a full line of notions. He takes a delight in keeping up with all the best 
goods that can be had, giving his customers entire satisfaction in every respect. 
Mr, Tomblin is a native Georgian, but has been in this city for three years, and 
is well acquainted with his trade. He is a gentleman of pleasant manners, and 
liolds the respect and confidence of the community in which he lives. As a busi- 
ness man he bears an enviable reputation for promptness, business ability and 
integrity . 

y. 11. CANTRELL — Groceries, Dry Goods, Shoes, Etc., Hamilton Ave- 
nue and Robinson Street, Rose Hill. 
To no branch of commerce can Columbus point with more pride than to her 
immense trade in groceries. Within her incorporate limits are establishments 
whose colossal proportions would do honor to much larger cities. As it is not 
our intention to make compai'ative statements in this article? relative to the whole- 
sale trade of the city, we will at once confine ourselves to the facilities provided 
for the supply of our every day wants. Perhaps the most popular grocer in this 
section of the city is Mr.A^. R. Cantrell, whose well arranged establishment is located 
at junction of Hamilton avenue and Robinson street, telephone number 272. 
Mr. Cantrell commenced business at his present location in 1890, and has had a 
very satisfactory increase. By his sterling integrity, energy and perseverance, 
has built up his trade to its j)resent desirable proportions. His store-room is 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 107 

capacious, finished in a neat and attractive manner, and his goods present a very 
inviting appearance. His stock consists of a full line of well selected groceries 
of all kinds ; also staple dry goods, shoes, etc. He employs two assistants, who 
are ever ready with affable and kind manners to serve his customers. Citizens 
will find this establishment a most desirable one with which to form business 
relations. His goods are of the best brands, and sold at bottom prices. ^Nlr. 
Cantrell is a native of Georgia, and was born in Paulding county 1845 ; has 
resided in Columbus for the past seventeen years. He is a reliable and trust- 
worthy man, and has established his business on a solid basis, entitling him to a 
high position among the business men of the city. 

H. F. JACKSON, M. D.— Phenix City, Ala. 

No history of a city's trade and commerce and industries would be complete 
without making special mention of those persons engaged in the practice of the 
learned arts and professions. In Phenix City the various professional places are 
filled with men fitted by nature and education for them, and this is especially true 
of the o-entleman whose name heads this article. Dr. Jackson is a native of 
Georgia, but has been practicing in Phenix City and surrounding country for the 
past five years. During this time he has made many Avarm friends. He makes a 
specialty of female diseases, and owing to his marked success in that line, with 
his courteous manner, has made him a general favorite with the ladies. In all 
the branches of his profession, his work is the best. We will say to those of our 
readers who are so unfortunate as to be sufferers, and especially of the female 
diseases, that no one can be employed who will handle their case with more skill, 
kindness and patience. 

MRS. S. J. SAULS— Florist, 732 First Avenue. 

To the lover of the beautiful in nature there is nothing more grateful than 
the presence of flowers — nothing that so powerfully appeals to our better and 
softer sympathies — nothing, in fact, more ennobling and refining than the love 
and taste for nature's own adornment and decoration, the lovely and fragrant 
rose and its kindred. The love of flowers is an unmistakable sign of refinement 
of a people, and where that love or fancy exists the rough side of human nature 
finds no abiding place. There can be no more delightful or interesting industry 
than that of a florist. Among those, however, that have secured, b}^ their enter- 
prise and energy, more than usual prominence in this department may be men- 
tioned Mrs. S. J. Sauls, who possesses qualifications which place her in the first 
rank as a botanist and florist. Mrs. Sauls commenced this business in 1885, and 
with her native industry, energy and adoption to her pursuit soon largely in- 
creased. The conservatories, six in number, are tastefully and practically ar- 
ranged with scientific accuracy, and heated with the best approved appliances for 
generating heat with hot water. Mrs. Sauls brings to her work all the devotion 
and care of a true love — treating her plants as a loving parent — finding in her 
pursuit personal pleasure. This establishment is spoken of as one of the largest 



108 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



of the kind in the State, and is to the visitors a shrine where they can see what 
devotion and untiring labor can develop, flowers and flowering shrubs so beau- 
tiful and varied that the eye fairly wearies with their myriad of colors. Here 
Avill be found a profuse display of exotic and native plants in endless variety to 
gratify the love of the beautiful — roses, the empress of flowers, the gentle gera- 
nium, verbenas, coleus, the graceful and lovely fuchsias, tuberoses, stately gladi- 
olies, and matchless lilies, pansies, the cactus of the desert, the fern of the 
mountain glade, etc, Mrs. Sauls plans rustic rockeries, fancy aquariums, and 
designs any style of floral decorations with perfect taste and artistic skill. She 
is prepared to furnish bedding or pot plants or cuttings, as desired, from her well 
selected stock on short notice, and her bouquets, baskets, chaste and appropriate 
funeral emblems defy competition. ■Mr, Sauls, an esteemed gentleman of culture 
and taste, shares with pleasure in these endeavors of his wife, and attends to the 
Avants of the patrons of the house with courtesy and kindness. He is thoroughly 
conversant with the details of this most delicate business, and is an experienced 
botanist, who has built up a high reputation in his line of business, and who can 
and will maintain it. 



TORBERT & FLOYD— Millers' and Packers' Agents and Jobbers of 
Dressed Meats. 

On June 1st, 1891, two young men established a new departure in the 
mercantile line here, and have grown to greatness in this line, which has done 
much towards bringing Columbus prominently to the front as a commercial centre. 
The gentlemen referred to are Messrs, E. A. Torbert and John A. Floyd, the 
individual members of the subject of this sketch. Their success, since the in- 
auguration of the business, has been phenomenal, the transactions reaching to an 
annual business of §1,250,000, the largest of any house in the city. Their trade 
extends throughout Georgia, Florida and Alabama, their sales on mill products 
alone reaching $1,500 daily. The actual daily output of their mills being 200 
barrels of flour and 500 bushels of meal, and of the verv highest sri'ade, and as 
it is well known that the (quality of flour depends largely upon the miller's 
ability, we make note of the fact that two skilled millers, having twenty years 
experience, are employed, which accounts for the popularity of the brands of 
flour produced by them, the following being a list of these brands: "Royal 
Patent," " Peerless," "Legal Tender" and "Regulator." Messrs, Torbert & 
Floyd have displayed an unusual amount of enterprise in gathering the facilities 
for handling meats, and it may be interesting to note that they handle a greater 
variety of cu's than any house in the South Atlantic States, which is saying a 
great deal ; but nevertheless it is a fact. iNLany of these cuts were novelties to 
this trade until this firm introduced them. Besides the clear, lono; and short 
ribbed sides, both in smoked and dry salted, they have the English square cut 
ribs, backs, bellies, American cut shoulders, English cut shoulders, and bacon 
and dry salt shoulders of both cuts, and various grades of sugar-cured breakfast 
bacon, hams, picnic hams, boneless hams, mutton, fresh pork, beef, veal and other 



COMxMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 109 

products. The stock of meats usually carried varies from 100,000 to 200,000 
pounds. This firm has supplied a long felt Avant in Columbus by erecting a cold 
storage for fresh meats, the capacity of Avhich is four cars. A stock of choice 
Western beef, pork, mutton, veal, etc., is kept on hand, and dealt out to the re- 
tailer as he needs it. Their large salesrooms and Avarehouse is situated at the 
corner of Tenth street and Seventh avenue. Side-tracks connecting Avith every 
railroad centering here are built to their doors, which gives them excellent facili- 
ties for shipping and receiving. Grain is also handled extensively. Their sausage 
department is deserving of special notice, as they are manufacturing high grades, 
and in large lots. During the past twelve months their sales have reached 425,- 
000 pounds. The superiority of the quality is evidenced from the fact that they 
are shipping this sausage as far as Selma, Ala., on the west to the Atlantic coast 
on the east, and from Tampa, Fla., on the south to Atlanta, Ga., on the north. 

Mr. Torbert is just twenty-two years of age and Mr. Floyd twenty-five. 
This is a remarkable age at which to handle such an immense business, but it 
happens that their business training has been good, and that they are talented for 
this kind of Avork, and that they Avork early and late and do this work on a sound 
business policy. Such men go far toward building up a city, and Ave bespeak for 
them, as we do for Columbus, a solid and prosperous groAvth. 

WILLIAMS & BOOKER— Dealers in Groceries and General Planta- 
tion Supplies, Phenix City, Ala. 

There is, perhaps, no house in the city of Columbus more Avorthy of an 
extended notice in a Avork of this description, giving, as it does, a detailed revicAV 
of the trade, commerce and industries of Columbus, than the one Avhich heads 
this article. There is no other branch of the mercantile business in Avhich there 
is so much capital employed actively as in the dry goods and grocery trade. 
We take great pleasure in Avriting the history of this house. It is quite admiss- 
ible for us to say that Williams & Booker, dealers in all kinds of groceries and 
plantation supplies, at Phenix City, belongs to that class of staunch, sagacious 
merchants, Avho have been prominently identified with the commercial interest of 
their city for seven years, and to Avhose enterprise and perseverance, as Avell as 
sterling conduct and uprightness, those interests are indebted for much of their 
present vigor and development. Mr. Williams runs a large dry goods establish- 
ment next door to his grocery, under the style of Williams & Co., composed of 
Messrs. Warren Williams, John Summersgill and William McCollister, all good, 
influential business men. This house has a very extensive trade, reaching far out 
in the surrounding country. It is the leading store in Phenix City. They carry 
a varied and Avell selected stock of dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, hats, etc., 
Avith prices that can't be beat by the wholesale houses. The premises consist of 
tAvo separate stores, 21x60 feet each, in Avhich is carried a large and comprehen- 
sive stock. 

Mr. Williams is a native of Alabama, and has long been identified Avith the 
people of Phenix City. He is a gentleman of high business integrity and hon- 



110 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



esty, and, like his partner, enjoys the confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mr. 
Leslie Booker, one of the junior partners, is a young man deserving much credit. 
He started with this firm as a clerk about six years since, and, by close attention 
to business and honorable and fair dealings, has gained for himself an interest in 
the business, holding also the responsible position of book-keeper. In Mr, Thos. 
Coulter he has a clerk of rare business qualities, a strictly temperate, conscientious 
and moral young man. As a firm, they have all the elements of success, and we 
predict for them a continuance of their large and lucrative trade. 



V. J. PEKOR — Watchmaker and Jeweler, 1034 Broad Street. 

The jewelry trade, with its vast and exclusive American manufactories, has 

been the growth of the last half century. Except in the diamond and richer 

work in gold and precious stones, which were formerly confined to the wealthy, 

it may be said that American ingenuity made 
it possible for poor men to enjoy this great 
pleasure which the possession and display of 
jewelry has always caused among men. Mr. 
Pekor is now the leading man among the 
many jewelers of this city. He succeeded 
0. H. Lequin in 1880 with very limited capi- 
til, now carrying a stock of $20,000 in value, 
and doing a satisfactory business of about 
S80,000 per annum-. Mr. Pekor is entitled 
t^ special mention for the admirable taste 
tVisplayed in the selection of a very compre- 
liensive stock of hio-h class goods and rare 
articles pertaining to the trade. He carries 
t'.ie choicest line of diamonds and fine Avatches, 
which he makes a specialty, besides genuine 
i''rench mariner and bronze clocks ; also a 

complete assortment of American clocks, tableware, fruit stands, cake baskets, 

entree dishes, jewelry cases and goods suitable for bridal presents. In sterling 

silverware, such articles as knives and 

forks, spoons, ice cream sets, fish sets, 

and all the latest designs in fine plush 

and chamois cases. His stock of plate- 
ware cannot be surpassed ; in fact, you 

will find everything in the line that is 

carried as complete an assortment as 

you will find in the large Eastern houses. 

Mr. Pekor is a native of Bohemia, 

Europe, but has been in this city for 

fourteen years. He is a thorough, trained 

jeweler having served a long apprenticesliij) in Europe, and it may be said that 









COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. Ill 

he has been brought up in the business. He is a public-spirited citizen, an ener- 
getic and thorough reliable business man, pos- 
sessing the entire confidence and respect of 
the community in which he resides. He is 
an example of marked success which industry, 
skill and integrity will bring to the door of 
a man who begins with nothing but these 
qualities as his capital. For the finest work 
done in the most artistic manner, this house 

is famed, as it is done directly and entirely under the supervision of Mr. Pekor 

himself, their work proving as guaranteed. It is a pleasure to point out Mr. 

Pekor as a self-made man, whose success is notable. 

U. H. SMITH — Druggist, and Dealer in Fancy and Toilet Articles of 
EVERY Description, Tobacco and Cigars, Garden Seeds and 
Lamps, Piienix City, Ala. 
There is no other nation which so fully appreciates the value, or makes such 
intelligent use of drugs and chemical preparations, as the people of the South ; 
nor is there any nation on earth where so high a degree of intelligence and 
thorough comprehension of their individual properties and virtues is required for 
the prosecution of this important branch of trade, which may be appropriately 
classified as both an industrial and commercial pursuit. Entitled to favorable 
consideration in a review of the representative establishments of Phenix City the 
well-known house of U. H. Smith demands more than ordinary consideration in 
this connection. Pioneers, not only in their special lines of trade, but in busi- 
ness energy, commercial progress and industrial endeavor, the history of these 
staunch old houses makes the material for the biographies of cities, landmarks in 
the book of time illustrating the growth and progress of mercantile interest. 
Such a history has the drug store of U. H. Smith, established in 1888 — and now 
claims a prominent rank among its contemporaries in every sense of the term^a 
first-class and reliable pharmacy for the preparation of physician's prescriptions. 
Mr. Smith is a thoroughly educated druggist and pharmacist, having devoted 
twenty years of his life to the study of the details of his business in all of its 
branches. He carries an extensive stock of pure medicines, drugs and chemi- 
cals, together with a full line of toilet articles, perfumes, powders, extracts, 
choice soaps, brushes, sponges, and a large assortment of everything legitimately 
included in his line of business. Next door to his drug store is the U. H. 
Smith Furniture Company, composed of Messrs. U. H. Smith, L. T. Jones and 
E. A. Albright — all men of sterling business qualities. This house was estab- 
lished in 1888 by the above firm. They at once recognized the fact that the 
dealers who Avere up to the i)rogress of the age were the most prosperous and 
most successful in satisfying the demands of the trade. Hence they purchased a 
complete stock of the most desirable articles in that line, embracing an extensive 
and varied display of fine and plain furniture — from the elaborate and costly to 



112 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



the plain and inexpensive styles. Parlor, bed-room, dining-room, library, office 
and kitchen furniture in all styles and prices. The men in charge of this de- 
partment having a number of years experience, combined with ability, intelli- 
gence and honest square dealings have made their business a success, and we 
heartily commend them to our readers. 

POWER'S CASH STORE— Phenix City, Ala. 

In preparing a comprehensive work on the commerce nild industries of a 
city, we often meet with men who have had such wonderful success that we pause 
and wonder if they were not born " under some lucky star," and Mrd t&ke eispe^ 
cial delight in informing the many readers of our work of the success thdse firms 
have attained. In this connection we desire to make mention of "Power's Cash 
Store," dealer in confectioneries, cigars and tobacco, making a specialty of 
goobers. He sells more goobers than any house in Columbus. The phenomenal 
success of Mr. Power is not due, however, to any "lucky star," but to his in- 
tegrity and honest business principles, together with industry and enterprise-. 
He also carries a large stock of fruits, nuts, etc., ice cream and cold drinks iri 
season. Mr. Power is a native of Savannah, Ga., and has only been here for 
nine months, but since he first opened has done an excellent business. We 
heartily commend him to our readers. 

DR. D. E. MORGAN — Specific Remedy Co., of the British Schools, 
South Wales, Eng., Remedies for all Chronic and Female 
Diseases, Phenix City, Ala. 

The drug store of Dr. D. E. Morgan, Phenix City, Ala., occupies a promi- 
nent position among the leading houses in this line, and as well for the ample 
qualifications associated in its management as the excellent location, has secured 
a liberal patronage from the medical profession and citizens. He carries a com- 
plete stock of pure drugs, medicines and chemicals, besides perfumeries, toilet 
articles, choice cigars and tobacco. Dr. Morgan is a native of England, and a 
graduate of the South Wales British schools. He makes a specialty of remedies 
for chronic and female diseases and cancer ; particularly cancer, for which 
he has a never-failing remedy. By enclosing a two-cent stamp to any of the 
following names you can get any information desired regarding the cure : 

Mrs. Duncan, Phenix City, Ala.; Mrs. Lamb, Crawford, Ala.; Mrs. Russ, 
Griffin, Ga.; Mrs. Rogers, Phenix City, Ala.; Mrs. C. Morris, Salt Lake, Ala. 

Read the following and we think you will be convinced: 

very remarkable. 

Mr. Moses ^L Harvey, of Columbus, Ga., has been suffering for a period of 
ten years from a rose cancer, and after trying all the leading physicians of 
Columbus, and being pronounced incurable, he gave up all hopes of recovery and 
became resigned to his sad fate. By chance he heard of a remarkable cure being 
accomplished by Dr. Morgan, formerly of England, and like a drowning man 
grasping at a straw he at once sought this now famous doctor, and after a con- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 113 

saltation he decided to give the doctor an opportunity to test his remedy, and in 
just two weeks the cancer was removed from his neck, and now he is fully cured, 
although at the time the cancer was removed his neck was almost eaten through. 
The cancer is now in a bottle at Dr. Morgan's Drug Store, Phenix City, Ala. 



Phenix City, Ala. 
Before me, L. Booker, Justice of the Peace for Beat 10, Lee county, per- 
sonally came Moses M. Harvey, of Columbus, Ga., Avho, being duly sworn, 
deposeth and saith that the above statements are true. Moses M. Harvey. 
Sworn to and subscribed before me November 12th, 1891. 

L. Booker, J. P. 



WM. A. WIMBISH— Attorney at Law. 

There is no city in the South better provided with brilliant legal talent than 
Columbus, and no city where those engaged in the practice of law stand higher 
in the social scale. In this connection we desire to mention the name of Mr. 
Wm. A. Wimbish as a lawyer of sterling business qualities, who has the confi- 
dence of his fellowman, not only for his ability as a legal adviser, but for his 
high integrity, industry and business qualifications. Mr. Wimbish is a native 
Georgian, born in LaGrange in 1859, and graduating with the highest honors at 
Washington Lee University in 1878; has been practicing in this city for nearly 
five years with much success, both legally and financially. Such men go far 
towards making a prosperous and thrifty city. We take pleasure in commend- 
ing him to our readers at home or abroad as a prompt, reliable and energetic 
lawyer, who will attend promptly and properly to all business placed in his 
hands. 



S. J. ROGERS— Photographer, lOlOJ Broad Street. 

Boucicault, in his popular play of " The Octoroon," brings doAvn the house 
by making Salem Scudder say to Simon Legree, when confronted Avith the proof 
oi" his guilt in the picture obtained from the camera, " The instrument never 
lies !" This clever melo-dramatist's touch elicits applause, but with all due def- 
erence to his dramatic al)ility we differ with him, or rather with the sentiment 
there expressed, as a bad disposition or posing of the subject; imperfect and in- 
judicious lighting and bad development may not only totally destroy the like- 
ness, but render beauty sometime hideous. This is, however, avoided by the 
operator who thoroughly understands his business, and who, possessed of the 
artistic element in his training, will so pose his sitter and adjust the lights and 
surroundings as to develop into prominence all the beauty and desirable points, 
and also communicate charms which they hardly may be said to ordinarily possess. 
Pictures are satisfactory or otherwise, according to the measures of his artistic 
ability and skill ; and wlio has not been charmed by a really fine photograph 
and disgusted by its opposite ? These reflections are the result of the pleasure 
derived from a thorough inspection of Mr. Rogers' specimens, which are so per- 
fect in every essential of fine photography that Ave can hardly restrain and limit 



114 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



our praise and commendation. Mr. Rogers first entered this ])usiness in 186G, 
and lias done a successful business since I8ti8. His studio is located lOlOJ 
Broad street, formerly occupied by A. J. Riddle, who established the place in 
1852, Mr. Rogers succeeding him in May of this year. He is a Virginian by 
birth, and has brought Avith him to his adopted home all the gentlemanly attri- 
butes for which those of his native State are so well knoAvn. Mr. Rogers is a 
courteous and refined gentleman, a consummate artist, and has for a motto, ele- 
gance, accuracy, and last, though not least, punctuality. 




cSt KIDNEY 




INDOBSED AT HOME AND ABROAD. 

"WRITE FOR TESTIMONIALS. 

Manufactured by W. W. C. CO., Columbus, Ga. 



soLl» ICY ALU iHti «a; 



THE GREAT TONIC. 



Purifies the Blood. Aids Digrestion. 

Purely Vegretable. 

Works Wonderful Cures ! 

"WRITE FOR TESTIMONIALS. 

Manufactured by W. W. C. CO., Columbus, Ga, 

SOLO ItY ALL IHilGUlST-. 



The reputation of this wonder extends that of the city in which it is manu- 
factured, the success attendant upon the eiforts of the W. W. C. Co. has been 
phenomenal, and it is with pride that our citizens can point out the fact that the 
home office of this great product is in Columbus. So, also, is it the home of its 
officers and stockholders, among whom are the leading citizens. Mr. L. F. Hum- 
ber, of Blanchard, Humber & Co., w^arehouse and commission merchants, is the 
President, and Mr. J. R. Garrett, for twenty years in the cotton business, is the 
Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. T. E. Blanchard, President of the Fourth 
National Bank, is one of the largest stockholders. Mr. Albert AVooldridge, the 
discoverer of the W. W. C.,is one of our leading cotton merchants. He formerly 
lived in Chattahoochee county, and it was there he manufactured W. W. C. on a 
small scale, and in a charitable and Christian spirit distributed gratis, more 
medicine than was sold, and so wonderful were the cures effected, that the repu- 
tation of W. W. C. was above par with those who came in contact with it, and 
in 1889 a party of capitalists here readily took up the necessary stock to have 
this medicine put before the world, hence, the W. AV. C. Co. of Columbus. The 
sales of this Company in 1891 was 300,000 bottles, this output being distributed 
throughout the Southern and Western States, and some to the City of Mexico. 
This Company issues a challenge to the world, offering a reward of $1,000 for 
any case of blood poison that the W. W. C. will not cure. Not an instance is 
on record wherein this medicine has failed to perform the functions for which it 
was intended. Testimonials from reputable citizens here are in reach of any one 
desii'ing to fully acquaint themselves with its great value. Mr. John R. Garrett, 



COiDIERCE, MAXUFACTUBES AXD IXDU5TBIES. llo 

the Secretary, is ever glad to furnish a list of names of those who have profite 1 
by the use of W. W. C. Tne Company having been so fortunate in makiti^' 
large sales of their blood purifier, the W. W, C, have decided to manufacture 
other medicines of superior formulas. These are, pills, cough syrup, diarrhoea 
mixture, worm candy, linament and arromatic tonic. The splendid management 
of Mr. J. R. Garrett in putting out the blood medicine insures a bright future for 
the entire list. The Company is to be congratulated upon their success, and for 
the benefit they have done to suffering humanity in relieving thousands of li\-ing 
beings, who would otherwbe to-dav have been in their graves. 

J. H. COXXOR i CO. — Dealers ix Staple Dey Goods axd Gboceeies. 
1023 Broad Street. 
The reputation and commercial claims of a city centre in the character of 
its representative business institutions, and, in the historical review of the indus- 
tries and enterprises of a community, those establishmente of acknowledged men: 
and true mercantile ability are considered important component parts, worthy or 
critical description and justifiable pride. Among the establishments which have 
materially contributed to the fame of Columbus as a commercial centre, possess- 
ing undoubted advantages and facilities and adding to the general progress of the 
communitv, the house of J. H. Connor k Co. claims a decided recoOTition, 
Messrs. J. H. Connor and William McGovem commenced business here in August. 
1865, with fair capital, which close attention, thorough knowledge of the busi- 
ness, energetic, prompt mercantile habits and liberal principles has largely in- 
creased. The business premises of this firm consist of a lot 35x125 feet in size, 
with a building 35x100 feet located upon it, giving them certain facilities for 
handling goods that can be appreciated by those conversant with this line of 
business. The stock is large and well selected, including staple dry goods and 
groceries, crockery, glass, tin, wood and hollow-ware, the value reaching, if not 
exceeding, .$10,000. The trade supplied is local, including the city and country 
contiguous, and the annual transactions will reach .$50,000. Xew supplies are 
^•eing constantly received, and in every respect this is a most satisfactory house 
to visit for supplies. Mr. J. H. Connor came here from Ireland in 1848, and 
Mr, William McGovem came to Columbus in 1853. They have done, and are 
doing a prosperous and steadily increasing business, retaining their trade by fair 
and honorable treatment of each customer. 

<\ L. TORBETT— UXDERTAKER AXD PRACTICAL EilBAL^IER, 930 AXD 932 

Broad. 
Ever since the year 1878 the name of C. L. Torbett has been familiar to the 
people of Columbus, and a more successful undertaker than he has never entered 
into the somewhat grave, though important, business of preparing caskets for the 
reception of the remains of mortality. His factory, salesroom and wareroom are 
located at 930 and 932 Broad street. His storeroom occupies 40x60 feet, sales- 
room 30x60 feet, paint room 15x16, and his work-shop 15x45, affording ample 



11(3 COLUMBUS, GEORCxIA — HER 

room for a number of workmen, and within its walls are constantly being made 
coffins of every description. Mr. Torbett is thoroughly posted in all the details 
of his business. He managed successfully for five years the embalming and 
undertaker department for L. Rooney. He then bought out Mr. Rooney, taking 
Mr. Coleman in as a partner in 1883. The business then flourished under the 
name of Coleman & Torbett until 1885, at which time Mr. Torbett bought out 
Mr. Coleman, giving him the exclusive control of the business, and under his 
management he has built up a trade second to none in the city. His stock is 
complete, embracing the latest and newest styles of coffins, caskets and ornaments, 
screws and all fixtures used in the business. Mr. Torbett has a thorough knowl- 
edge of embalming, and keeps himself posted right up in all the details and 
branches pertaining to it. He is a native Georgian, and is a gentleman possessed 
of many generous qualities, and is widely known for his high integrity and busi- 
ness qualifications. He is strictly temperate and attentive to business, a genial, 
whole-souled gentleman, who will make you feel welcome whenever you enter his 
house, and in his absence you will find his clever and gentlemanly assistant, Mr. 
F. C. Rummel ever ready to extend the same cordial greeting. Mr. Torbett has 
officiated on very important occasions at the obsequies of prominent public men. 
He has filled honorably all the high offices of the secret orders to which he be- 
longs, and is a member of the Columbus Athletic Club. Mr. Torbett has fur- 
nished the city with all their embalming and undertaker's work since 1886, thus 
proving the satisfactory manner in which he does his work. He is always ready 
to meet any emergency, and we heai'tily recommend him to the public. 

W. H. YOUNG CO. — Manufacturers of Pantaloons, Jeans Suits, Shirts, 
Overalls, Jackets, etc. 

The above represents one of the new industries of Columbus. One great 
benefit to a community resulting from the manufacture of clothing, is the im- 
mense field of employment it opens up for females. Our city has, for a number 
cui.iMins of years, enjoyed a wide reputation as an extensive cotton 

manufacturing point, and added to this, is fast developing into a 
prominent jeans and clothing manufacturing city, the grade and 
])roduct of this last mentioned branch being of such high class 
as to attract considerable notice with the trade ; and among the 
finest equipped establishments is the AV. H. Young Co., which 
was incorporated in 1891, with C. L. Perkins, President; A. C. 
Young, Secretary and Treasurer; and J. W. Boyd, Superin- 
tendent. Mr. Perkins came here from Chicago, where he for a 
number of years represented several of the largest mills in the South, and having 
a knowledge of the advantages of Columbus, decided to cast his lot here. Mr. 
A. C. Young needs no introduction to the trade of the South, his long term 
of office with the Eagle and Phenix Manufacturing Company bringing him within 
communication of the leading merchants of the country, and by his great busi- 
ness enterprise and integrity has established an enviable reputation. Mr. J. W. 




T I! A 11 K M \ 1! K 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 117 

Boyd is a king as a manager ; fifteen years with the leading clothing factories 
of the West, has familiarized him with every detail of the business in which he 
is engaged, and in securing the outfit for the W. H. Young Co., he made it a 
point to i^rocure every known improvement in the system of cutting, trimming, 
and making of garments, hence the advantages of this plant in turning out 
superior made clothing, which is resulting in a surprisingly active demand .for 
their product. When the entire machinery is fitted up, and the business gets 
under headway, the trade will amount to a quarter of a million dollars per 
annum. Columbus has cause to be proud of this institution, 

MILES & LOTT — General Agents Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. 

A life insurance company may be proprietary, mutual or mixed. A mutual 
company is an association of persons, each of whom is an insurer as well as in- 
sured. Policy holders exercise control through their votes for managers, and 
are entitled to all the profits or dividends of the society. Policies of insurance 
are of various kinds. The chief of them are: whole life, endowment, endowment 
assurance, term, joint life, annuity and survivorship annuity. Other varieties 
are obtained from these by modification or combination of conditions. A purely 
mutual company is the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Philadelphia, 
Pa., which was incorporated in 1847, and whose charter is perpetual. It is 
most ably represented in Columbus by Messrs. Miles & Lott, who established 
their office here in 1891 and do a large local business, as well as an extensive 
business throughout Southwest Georgia, embracing some of the best cities in the 
State. No prudent man will fail to leave his family in good circumstances at 
death, when it can be so easily done by a systematic payment of a small sum to 
the party who contracts to pay the sum total at his death. In all portions of 
the United States the Penn Mutual is regarded as a stable and trustworthy com- 
pany. Messrs. G. G. Miles and W. L. Lott compose the firm. Mr. Miles is a 
son of the late Rev. Thos. J. ^liles, who spent nearly fifty years preaching the 
Baptist faith in Georgia and Alabama. In the early part of 18<il Mr. Miles 
moved with his father's family to Montgomery county, Ala., where he followed 
agricultural pursuits, and in the meantime received only a high school education. 
In 1878 he left the farm and moved to the city of Montgomery, Ala., where he 
engaged in the lumber business with marked success. In the fall of 1879 he 
had a flattering offer made him by an elder brother to engage in the mercantile 
business in Birmingham, Ala., which he accepted and followed for seven years, 
building up an immense trade. Having previously led an active outdoor life, the 
store and counting room did not agree with him, so he sold out his interest in 
the store and engaged in the real estate and insurance business, Avhich proved 
e(iirally as successful as former pursuits. In the spring of 1891 he moved back to 
his old native State, locating in Columbus, where he accepted, in conjunction 
with Mr. W. L. Lott, the general agency for the Penn Mutual Life for South- 
west Georgia. Mr. Miles, having had a number of year's experience in the in- 
surance business, and Mr. Lott being a man of superior business tact, and repre- 
senting one of the strongest and most reliable companies, is no matter of surprise 



118 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



that their first year's business has been crowned with phenominal success, Mr. 
Lett was bom in Clay county, Ga., in l8oo. The early part of his life was 
spent on the farm, where he received a good high school education, and after- 
wards turned his attention to commercial marts, and in 1882 moved to Columbus 
and accepted a position as head bookkeeper for the well-known establishment of 
J. A. Kirven k Co. The success of this firm is due largely to Mr. Lott's un- 
tiring energy and careful handling of the accounts and finances. With the 
marked success which has already attended this firm the past year, and as they 
represent one of the strongest and best known companies for honest and square 
dealing in the United States, we not only bespeak for them a successful career 
in the future, but we can cheerfully add that those who place their insurance in 
Penn Mutual Life make a wise selection, as is evidenced by the satisfaction 
always given to policy holders, both in dividend earnings and prompt settlements. 

VERANDA HOTEL— W. H. Gibsox, Proprietor, Corner First Avenue 
AND Tenth Street. 

In making mention of the hotels of this city and studying the phases of hotel 
life, our attention is drawn to the fact that as the tastes and means of people 
widely differ, so must this branch of business vary, in order to meet all the re- 
quirements of the great traveling public. With this point in view we desire to 
call attention to the A^eranda Hotel ; it is located convenient to all branches of 
business, on corner First avenue and Tenth street, one block from Broad. This 
hotel contains fifteen bedrooms, a large, commodious dining-room, convenient to 
office and all parts of the house, Avith 150 feet of front veranda's, from which a 
very fine view of both business and resident part of the city can be had. All 
who wish to procure good permanent or transient board, at moderate prices, will 
find this house to meet their desires in exevy respect. Mr. W. H. GiVjson as- 
sumed control of this hotel October 1891, and since has made many improve- 
ments, and his success in its management has been such as to insure him a liberal 
patronage for the future. Mr. Gibson is a native of Alabama, born in Macon 
county, where he spent his early life. Later in life he entered the general mer- 
chanchise business at Mott's Mills, Ala., where he conducted successfully his busi- 
ness till 1890 ; then moving to this city he secured a position on the police force, 
which he very satisfactorily fills at present. Mr. Gibson is a man of high stand- 
ing, strictly sober and attentive to business, doing justice to all, he has become 
well-known and esteemed by all who know liim. To our readers and traveling 
public genei'ally we commend the Veranda Hotel. 

EXCELSIOR STEAM LAUXDRY— Pea.-^e Brothers, Proprietors, 1211 
Broad Street, 
Among the many industries that tend to make a town metropolitan, none 
work with greater force toward this end than the steam laundry. A few years 
ago the "Heathen Chinee" came with his craft and took aAvay the labor from 
the washer woman, and now the laundry run by steam, with patent washer, 
starching macliine, ironer, and heat dryer, has almost entirely suppressed the 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 119 

Celestial as the American washer, where five or ten years ago the Mongolian 
held sway with "No ticket no washee." The lightning working steam machinery 
has taken his place, and in many sections he is as great a curiosity as he Avas 
before he made his advent. Christian invention, with the aid of steam, has 
taken his occupation as he took the occupation of the patient females of our 
own blood. In 1888 Columbus, always alive to progress, established the Excel- 
sior Steam Laundry at 1211 Broad street, where, from the first, it has taken the 
lead in this section for the class of Avork turned out, and the rapidity with which 
it was executed. In 1891 Messrs. Pease Bros, bought out the stock company, 
and have since that time conducted the business in the same satisfactory manner, 
increasing the trade weekly. The laundry is fitted out with the latest improved 
laundry machinery, which is driven by a 10-horse power engine and 14-horse 
power boiler. They occupy a floor space of 40x200 feet, and give employment 
to nine people. Mr. E. L. Pease, the manager, is a gentleman of high social 
standing, having many warm friends here. He is a young man of no ordinary 
ability, as his success shows. 

H. L. WARE — " The Hustler," Dry Goods, Notions, Shoes and Gents' 
Furnishings, No. 1007 Broad Street. 

In enumerating the industries of a city there are certain controlling staples 
which exercise a vital influence upon its reputation and trade, and no one business 
occupies this position more prominently than the dry goods trade, and none oflfers 
greater inducements to the enterprising business man for the investment of capi- 
tal, Avhile there is no branch of trade where popular talents contribute more 
largely to success than the dry goods store, where patronage depends so much 
upon public favor. Among the establishments in Columbus who have evidenced 
the possession of these qualifications in a marked degree none stand higher in 
public estimation than Mr. H. L. Ware. This house was established by the firm 
of Ware & Bohannon, Mr. Ware being sole proprietor at the present time. It 
was started with ample capital and energy, industry and enterprise, and a natural 
adaptability to the business soon attracted and held a remunerative trade. AVith 
honesty of purpose and due consideration for the welfare of their customers, 
which is the true foundation of good business principles, this house has become 
popular wherever known. A full and complete stock of dry goods, notions, shoes 
and gents' furnishing goods is carried, valued at $5,000. The store-room occu- 
pied is 25x70 feet in size and well adapted to the display of goods. A large 
local trade is supplied, the sales reaching $25,000, and three assistants are em- 
}iloyed, Mr. Ware also giving personal attention to sales. The stock will be 
found, both in quality and selection, equal to that of any house in the city. Mr. 
Ware is a native Georgian — an energetic, active business, man — thoroughly con- 
versant with his business, and justly merits the esteem and confidence of the busi- 
ness community and trade generally. 



120 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



A. G. RHODES FURNITURE CO.— Dealers in all Styles and Grades 
OF Furniture — Jobbing a Specialty — 1029 Broad Street, 
Within the last decade, the manufacture of furniture and cabinet makino- 
have greatly advanced in this country. The Southern demand, which is prover- 
bially fastidious in the selection of furniture, is dependent on the Nortli and 




COLuMBUS LEDGER ENO. 



West for a large portion of their supply, with increasing demand. There has 
been a corresponding improvement of taste in design, and nowhere can there be 
exhibited a finer display than can be seen at the spacious furniture house of The 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 121 

A. G. Rhodes Furniture Company, at 1029 Broad street. In this special line of 
industrial enterprise there is no house in the city or State hotter known or more 
entitled to recognition in a work that assumes to make a complete and exhaustive 
exhibit of the commercial resources of the city. The building occupied by The 
A. G. Rhodes Furniture Company is commodious and convenient, being 115x30 
feet and four stories. Sixteen employees are engaged in conducting the large 
business transacted by this house, their wholesale trade reaching throughout this 
State, Alabama and Florida, which gives Columbus a prestige as a wholesale fur- 
niture market. The average amount of stock carried is about $25,000, this being 
continually replenished as sales are made. The annual sales foot up to about 
$100,000. The officers of this company are A. G. Rhodes, of Atlanta, Presi- 
dent; W. J. Smith, of Atlanta, Vice-President, and T. F. Smith, of Columbus, 
Ga., Secretary and Treasurer. The President of the company, Mr. A. G. Rhodes, 
is more extensively interested in the furniture business than any other man in the 
entire South, being connected with eighteen different houses in as many promi- 
nent Southern points, among which are Louisville, Ky., Nashville, Tenn., Mem- 
phis, Atlanta, Charleston, S. C, Savannah, Ga., Evansville, Ind., Cairo, 111., etc. 
The business here is in charge of Mr. T. F. Smith, the Secretary and Treasurer, 
who began the study of the furniture business about eighteen years ago, and has 
demonstrated that he is thorough in this line by establishing here and taking the 
lead over every other house in the city much older than his. Mr. Smith is one 
of our shrewd and wide-awake business men, and a most desirable citizen. He 
Avill continue to steer the business of the A. G. Rhodes Furniture Company on 
to success, keeping in the lead of every other craft that might be in the race 
with him. 

"CREOLE" PILE CURE. 

Among the many industries which have had their beginning in Columbus, 
none have merited more, nor succeeded better, for the past few months of its 
existence, than the manufacturers of " Creole" Pile Cure. This remedy has 
proved to be an absolute specific for piles and hemorrhoids of all kinds, fistula in 
ano, ulcerated womb or vagina, granulated eyelids, opthalmia and sore eyes, old 
sores and ulcers, ulcerated rectum, acute or chronic dysentery or diarrhea, itch, 
chilblain or frost bite, curing in a few hours or days, without pain or detention 
from business, any of these diseases, it matters not of how long standing, after 
all other treatment has failed. The price of the medicine is $5 per full package 
delivered to you with guarantee to cure any of the above diseases, or trial pack- 
ages 60 cents by mail. The general agent, Mr. E. A. Shiver, to wdiom all 
orders should be addressed, states that he has sold upwards of three thousand 
full packages to parties all over the country, Avith not a solitary dissenter from 
the universal verdict. The medicine is endorsed by some of the leading citizens 
of Columbus and elscAvhcre, who have been cured by using it, when evervthino- 
else had failed. If you Avishto get cured, try it. 

(I) 



122 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



FRAZER HOUSE— Mrs. C. B. Frazer, Proprietress, 924 axd 926 Broad. 

Situated in a most convenient and pleasant part of the city, this hotel is a 
most desirable stopping place for all who wish the best accommodations and 
attention at the most reasonable rates. Its corps of servants are Avell disciplined 
and attentive, and the tables are supplied with all the delicacies of the season. 

The office, parlor and dining room are on the first floor, and the next story 
for bed rooms exclusively. Every attention is paid to the guests, and no pains 
are spared to make it in all respects one of the best in the cit}^ Mrs. Frazer, 
proprietress, is Avell known and esteemed, and her long and varied experience 
peculiarly fits her for the present position. 





Before Operation. After Operation. 

Note. — The successful termination of this case has caused no little interest with the 
leading opthalmologists in the United States and Europe. 

DR. W. L. BULLARD— OccuLiST and Aurist. 

In order to give a full and complete statistical statement of the industries 
of Columbus, such as this volume is intended to contain, it is necessary to 
include all tlie industrial arts and ],rofessions,as well as the commercial interest. 
There can be no question as to the validity of the claims of the profession of a 
physician to be specially represented in this work. This })rofession is one which 
operates effectively in time of need, in arresting and alleviating the most accute 
pains and ailments to which the human body is heir, and therefore deserves the 
most thankful and appreciative consideration on the part of the public. "We 
consider the man who prepares a preparation to cure the eye, ear, throat or 
nose of his fellow men and women, a public benefactor, Avho deserves Avell of the 
people. Dr. Bullard is a native Georgian, and has had a number of years' exjieri- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 123 

ence, taking his first course in Maryland University, and graduated in medicine 
in Atlanta, 1877. He at once began the practice of his profession at Tennille, 
Ga,, and enjoyed a large and extensive practice there till 1882, at which time 
he moved to Columbus, and remained here only a few months Ijefore going to 
New York, in the private office of Dr. W. W. Mittendorf. He also attended 
courses at the New York Eye and Ear Hospital, and then at Polyclinic, going 
from there to London, where he graduated at the London Opthalmic Hospital. 
He also studied at Dr. Morrell McKinzie's hospital for throat and chest. He 
then visited hospitals in Atrecli, Holland, and Vienna, Austria, returning to 
Columbus in 1884, practicing exclusively on the eye, ear, throat and nose 
diseases since. Since his advent here, he has gained an enviable position in the 
city, both as a practitioner and business man. He is always active in everything 
that tends to the advancement of the commerce of our city. He is a gentleman 
of superior ability, as a physician ho has few equals, and as a citizen he is an 
honor to his native State. 



COLUMBUS INVESTMENT COMPANY. 

"The busy world throws angrily aside the man who stands 
with arms akimbo set, until occasion tells him what to do.'' 

The earnest workers of Columbus are too energetic to wait for the occasion 
but promptly mahe it. Appreciating the advantages offered by Columbus as a 
home, and convinced that many who now pay rent Avould gladly own their own 
homes if they had the means, or could borrow on long time at a reasonable rate 
of interest, a number of our far-sighted and progressive citizens in May 1889 
organized the Columbus Investment Company with a capital stock of $100,000 
subscribed, and in June of that year with §2,000 paid in they began business. 
Their purpose, the upbuilding and development of Columbus, has been followed 
to the letter. In the past three years they have aided in the erection of and 
built for themselves and others over one hundred handsome houses. The Com- 
pany has now a subscribed capital stock of .'?250,000 with $195,000 paid in, the 
balance maturing at the rate of $5,000 monthly. 

They have paid the stockholders three handsome cash dividends, have a nice 
surplus, and have loaned over $200,000 on city property. We are of the opin- 
ion that no better showing can be made by any Investment, Loan or Building 
Association. This Company is established on a purely business basis with a 
liberal charter which gives them ample opportunity to earn money legitimately 
and still give the borrower low rates of interest. 

This Company is now contemplating the erection of a handsome office build- 
ing on the corner of Twelfth street and First avenue, immediately opposite the 
lot recently purchased by the Government for a United States court and Post- 
office building. If built in accordance with the preliminary plans and sketches 
made it will prove an ornament to the city and reflect great credit on the 
Com})any. 

The Board of Directors consist of the following Avell-known, practical and 
successful business men, each of whose names will be found identified Avith 



124 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



almost every move Avliicli has been made in recent years for the material advance- 
ment of Columbus. They each and all give to the Company's affairs their close 
personal attention, which accounts in a large measure for the great success of 
the Company : 

Officers — Jno. F. Flournoy, President ; G, W. McElhaney, Vice-Presi- 
dent ; Chas. M. Woolfolk, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Directors — Jno. F. Flournoy, T. M. Foley, Jas. P. Kyle, I. Joseph, Jas. 
K. Orr, H. L. Woodruff, G. W. McElhaney, H. H. Epping, jr., Luther Frazer, 
L. F. Garrard, M. E. Gray, N. P. Banks, Soule Redd, of Columbus, Ga.; Her- 
man Myers, Geo. J. Baldwin, of Savannah, Ga. 

Auditing Committee, by whom the l^ooks and vouchers of the Company are 
audited each month — Sam Salisbury, A. S. Mason, L. Meyer. 

E. JUNGERMAN— Photographic Studio, lOlli Broad Street. 

The vast progress in the photographic art since the days of Daguerre, and 
its wonderful culmination in the science of the present day, is vividly illustrated 
by a visit to the gallery of ]Mr. E. Jungerman, who has but recently engaged in 
business in our city. His rooms are located at lOllJ Broad street, upstairs, 
which is a central location, and the latest improved apjdiances are used, thus en- 
suring good workmanship. Mr. Jungerman was born in Germany, and com- 
menced the study of this art thirteen years ago, coming to this city in 1891. 
His thorough and practical education has been greatly in his favor, as he at once 
took a leading position as an artist of true merit, and from the start he has been 
successful. He has given particular attention throughout his long experience to 
light and shade and the art of position, and his Avork is unequaled in its truth to 
nature and in exquisite finish. His positions are characterized by ease and 
grace and his results invariably satisfactory. Every style of photographic work 
is done in a surprising style and upon lil^eral terms, and a very complete and 
perfect assortment of photographic instruments, appendages and stock is kept on 
hand, prompt attention l)eing given to all orders entrusted to him. ^Ir. Junger- 
man solicits a share of the 2)ublic patronage, confident that he can give entire 
satisfaction to all. 

HILL, REESE & CO. — Real Estate and Insurance. 

The place occupied by the firm of ^lessrs. Hill, Reese & Co. in this com- 
munity is such that, in compiling the commercial, manufacturing and other 
advantages of Columbus, our work would be incomplete were we to omit mention 
of a house which adds to the solvency and solidity of its operations by means of 
experience and reliability in its special line of transactions. The business of 
handling real estate has become a great factor in the transactions of the world's 
business, and its uses are becoming the better recognized since its mutual utility 
has been discovered. It is a distinct business, in the prosecution of which not 
only superior business ability is requisite, but a thorough knowledge of values, 
unquestioned probity and untiring energy. Applying these positive tests, the 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 125 

house of Messrs. Hill, Reese & Co. must be recognized as the representative real 
estate agency in Columbus. These gentlemen have on their books an extensive 
list of city property, also acreage property lying adjacent to the city, and corre- 
spondence is solicited from outside parties wishing to make good, safe invest- 
ments. Messrs. J. B. Hill, George Reese and D. R. Allen compose the firm, all 
gentlemen of marked ability in this line of business. Mr. Hill has been engaged 
in this line here for a number of years, and has a thorough knowledge of the 
value of property located in various parts of the city. They are prepared to 
transact any 'amount of business in the insurance department, and no firm can 
offer better inducements for the accomplishment of any business entrusted to 
them. The office is situated at No. 19 West Eleventh street, between Front and 
Broad. 

W. J. GREEN— Boot and Shoe Maker, 930 Broad Street. 

The subject of this sketch, Mr, W. J. Green, is one of the leading men in 
this city in the manufacture and repairing of boots and shoes. He is thoroughly 
posted in his business, serving two years as cutter in the war, besides an appren- 
ticeship of five years under Wm. Myers. Seeing the necessity of time and 
labor saving machines, ^Ir. Green turned his attention to the invention of a 
skiving board, which he has used successfully for a long time, proving it to be 
very valuable in repairing and manufacturing shoes, etc. j\Ir. Green makes a 
specialty of repairing, and gets a sufficiency to keep him busy all the time, thus 
proving the style and durability of Ids work. Mr. Green is a native of Mont- 
gomery, Ala., where he was born in 1838. He came to Columbus in 1862, and 
has since made himself a fair and honorable name among our best people. 
With his accustomed thrift, he has created a good business and made his sterling 
qualities felt in the community, and is in every way deserving of a generous 
support. 

ROBT. DAYIS & CO.— Dealers in Groceries, Liquors, Cigars, Tobaccos, 
Etc., 1431 First Avenue. 
In the preparation of this work, the contents of which are designed to convey 
to the reader some idea of the business capabilities, industrial resources and 
commercial relations of our city, it has been our aim to present to the consider- 
ation of the public only such firms and establishments as may be justly regarded 
active elements in advancing the general prosperity of the city of Columbus. In 
pursuit of this aim, we call attention to the house of Robt. Davis & Co., dealers 
in groceries, liquors, cigars, tobacco, etc., at No. 1431 First avenue. This firm 
commenced business in 1883 with a moderate capital, and have gained a liberal 
patronage, with satisfactory increase in business. They carry a stock of about 
35,000 in value, which is kept in excellent order and condition, and they are in 
frequent receipt of fresh goods, keeping the stock thoroughly replenished with 
the freshest and best class of articles for home and table use. The trade is gen- 
eral through the surrounding country, Georgia and Alabama, and reaches $32,000 



126 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — ^HER 



per annum. Three assistants are employed, who serve their many patrons with 
the various articles to be found in this establishment, including family and fancy 
groceries, flour, coffees, teas, sugars, soaps, candles, etc., besides a general assort- 
ment of sundries, in fact, almost every article entering into family consumption; 
also a specialty is made of plantation supplies. They occupy two store-rooms, 
which are 50x60 feet in extent, and the shelving and counters are loaded with as 
choice a selection of goods as can be found in the city and at as popular prices. 
The firm is composed of Messrs. Robert Davis and Rollin Jefferson, both natives 
of this State, who have had some years experience in this line of business. They 
are reliable, energetic and trustworthy, and have established an enviable business 
reputation, entitling them to a high position among the business men of Columbus, 

A. H. GINSBERG^Wholesale and Retail Dealer ix Gexts' Furnishing 
Goods, Notioxs, Clothing, Shoes, Etc., Watches and Jewelry a 
Specialty, 1230 Broad Street. 
Among the large number of commercial houses which honor and dignify the 
name of Columbus, we find none more worthy of favorable mention than that 
whose name stands at the head of this article. It was started in 1889 with but 
limited capital, and now a large and well selected stock is exhibited. As an 
experienced buyer, the proprietor, Mr. Ginsberg, is enabled to select those 
articles best suited to the various tastes shown by customers. Gents' furnishing 
goods of expensive or the cheaper (|ualities may be obtained here, notions of 
every description, a large assortment of clothing, shoes and other articles in this 
line, and a specialty is made of watclies and jewelry. A store-room 18x90 feet 
in size is fully occupied, and several employees are in constant attendance. Mr. 
Ginsberg was born in Russia in 1857, and commenced his mercantile career in 
1875. On arriving in our city he opened up this business for himself, and is fast 
gaining a high place in the esteem of this community. 



B. ROTHSCHILD— Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Etc., 1216 
AND 1218 Broad Street. 
One of the most enterprising and thorough-going business men in that 
section of the city is Mr. B. Rothschild, dealer in dry goods, clothing, boots, 
shoes, hats, etc. His is the leading establishment in that section, and merito- 
riously enjoys the patronage of the best class of citizens. This trade, consid- 
ered as a branch of commerce, is the most important of any now existing within 
the city's limits. It controls an immense amount of capital, employs a small 
army of people, and distributes a greater amount of commodities than any other 
branch of mercantile pursuits. Mr. Rothschild opened business here in 1885, 
and since that time has received a very encouraging support. He started with 
small ca])ital, which his energy, industry and practical ability soon increased and 
secured him a remunerative and steadily growing trade. The stock includes 
everything necessary for the outfit of man, woman or child, from head to foot, of 
expensive or clieaper quality, as may be desired, and is valued at SI 0,000. 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 127 

Several assistants are employed, who are courteous and aifable to all who may 
call in quest of goods in this line. The trade is generally local, and will reach 
^30,000 per annum. The store-room occupied is 35x90 feet in size, and well 
adapted to the display of goods of every description. INIr. Rothschild was born 
in Merchingen, Germany, but has resided in Columbus for ten years past. He 
has had twelve years experience in the dry goods and clothing trade, and is well 
prepared to understand the wants of his patrons. The length of time this estab- 
lishment has been engaged in business, and the well known honorable basis upon 
which all its transactions have been conducted, has won for its proprietor a repu- 
tation to which nothing further need be added or required. 

WM. REDD, JR. — Real Estate and Fire Insurance Agent, No. 1047 
Broad Street. 
The most essential qualifications for the successful prosecution of the real 
estate business in the principal cities of the Union, in addition to a thorough 
knoAvledge of values, is a keen discrimination and a strict regard for truth and 
honor in all transactions, since through the representations of agents large invest- 
ments are made involving immense sums of money. Mr. William Redd, Jr., 
possesses in an eminent degree the qualifications we have enumerated above, and 
his name is familiar in business circles as one of our most successful, conscien- 
tious citizens. The facilities enjoyed by him in the handling of valuable real 
estate, both in the city and country, are unsurpassed, and much desirable prop- 
erty, both improved and unimproved, is found under his control. Mr. Redd 
engaged in this business the first of last year, and from the start has been popular 
and successful. He has now on hand a large number of investments, oftering 
superior inducements, both of city real estate and farm lands. Mr. Redd was 
born in LaGrange, Ga., but has resided in Columbus most of his life — hence is 
well known to our residents. He possesses the confidence of our people, and is 
held in the highest respect as among our first citizens and business men. Some 
of the very best and strongest fire insurance companies are represented by him, 
and he is prepared to issue policies Avithout delay. By his activity, energy and 
prompt business characteristics, he has won for himself a high business repu- 
tation. 

J. JOSEPH — Dealer in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots, 
Shoes, Hats and Trunks, 1102 Broad Street. 
In recording any adequate account of the industries of Columbus, and the 
progress made during the last quarter of a century in commercial and manufac- 
turing importance, it would be impossible to omit mention of the house of Mr. 
J. Joseph. Established by the present owner in 1868, the resources and trade 
of this concern have more than kept pace with the general prosperity of the city. 
Founded with but limited capital, but conducted Avith every advantage to be de- 
rived from a stainless business policy, the success of the house increased Avith 
each succeeding year, until at the present time it stands on a very solid basis. 



128 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



Mr. Joseph occupies the commodious three-story buikling, 24x76 feet in size, 
located at No. 1102 Broad street, Avhere is displayed a well selected and most 
desirable assortment of staple and fancy dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, 
hats and trunks, valued at $15,000. Several assistants are employed to attend 
to customers, and Mr. Joseph gives his personal attention to the business. Cus- 
tomers patronizing this enterprise are residents of Georgia and Alabama in this 
vicinity, and the annual transactions will reach 825,000 to $30,000. Mr. Joseph 
Avas born in Germany in 1845, commenced operations in this line of business in 
1864, and engaged in business here three years later. He is a man of large 
acquaintance in business circles, and his reputation as an upright business man is 
second to none in this city. 



GRIGSBY E. THOMAS, JR. — Attorney and Counsellor at Laav, Rooms 
3 and 4, Second Floor, Georgia Home Building. 
In the preparation of these sketches of business and professional men the 
object is to preserve, in some way, the biographies of our citizens, and we could 
not call the work complete did we fail to make mention of those men who were 
born in Muscogee county and spent their lives in developing this section. Mr. 
Thomas was born on Rose Hill, Columbus, Ga., September 7, 1842. xifter serv- 
ing four years in the Confederate army he began the practice of law, succeeding 
his father, the late Judge G. E. Thomas, who died July 5, 1865. He now prac- 
tices in all the courts of this State and Texas. When the State of Texas declared 
her Independence of Mexico in 1835-36, and appealed for volunteers, Mirabeau 
B. Lamar, then editor and proprietor of the Columbus Enquirer, espoused the 
cause of Texas, and Columbus was the rendezvous of all troops from this vicinity 
which went to the aid of Texas. After achieving her independence Texas granted 
to each of the heroes, or their heirs, of her revolutionary struggles, lands aggre- 
gating about 4,000 acres. Mr, Thomas' father-in-law moved to Texas in 1872, 
and in going to Texas to visit him parties here would employ him to look up their 
lands there, and parties there Avould employ him to look up the heirs in Georgia, 
thus getting into the Texas practice. Previous to the late civil strife our city was 
surrounded by suburban homes, comprising some fifteen or twenty acres each, 
with beautiful grounds and handsome residences. We give the picture on page 40 
of one of those typical ante-bellum Southern homes, the birth-place and present 
residence of Grigsby E. Thomas, Jr. In 1882 Mr. Thomas, desiring to give 
everyone an opportunity to secure a portion of these homes, conceived the idea of 
sub-dividing them into lots and extending the streets of the city through them. 
In December, 1882, he ofiered for sale at auction these fifteen acres on Rose Hill,, 
sub-divided into forty -five lots, and to the surprise of everyone the forty -five lots 
brought about $15,000, where the fifteen acres as a whole would not have sold 
for $5,000. This broke the ice, and suburban property increased in value from 
200 to 500 per cent. Then followed the extension of our city limits and the 
taking in of the annex, which today adds 5,000 or 6,000 to the population of our 
city. Mr. Thomas has built two handsome residences on the terrace just in rear 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 129 



of his old house, and parties who purchased at his sale have also built several 
other handsome residences on the old Thomas homestead on Rose Hill. This old 
homestead is one of the landmarks of our city, being built in 1837 by the late 
Judge Thomas, and is today in perfect preservation. This place was selected on 
account of its situation, on the West brow of Rose Hill, one hundred feet above 
the city, and commands a view of four miles down the river and two miles up it, 
including the North Highlands, with Girard, Phenix City and the Alabama hills 
on the West. To get a view of Columbus and surroundings go to head of Robin- 
son avenue on the Thomas survey and you will get it. To none more than Mr. 
Thomas is the growth of our city due, more especially the suburbs. Every dol- 
lar that he has to spare he spends in buying or beautifying some suburban home 
or other good enterprise looking to the development of our section. There are 
those who have invested their money, at the suggestion of Mr. Thomas, in city or 
suburban property, and have realized great returns from their investment. He 
loves his native soil and believes in her future greatness. He says in ten years 
Columbus will have a population of 100,000, extending from Clapp's Factory on 
the North to Bull Creek on the East. 

T. J. DUDLEY & SONS — Manufacturers of Doors, Sash and Blinds, 
Rough and Dressed Lumber, Opposite Union Depot. 

Columbus can well congratulate herself on the number of her manufacturing 
industries ; that manufacturing interests is one of the proudest plumes of her 
civic wreath, as it is on industrial enterprises of this character that she must rely 
for her future growth and greatness. Live, go ahead, intelligent industry in the 
future, taking the place of the unskilled negro labor, will not only add to her 
wealth and future importance, but will exert a controlling influence on politics 
and social standing, by imparting the dignity of a genuine manhood to both, and 
placing her in a fair competitive relation with the large manufacturing cities of 
the North and West. 

A proper consideration of the claims of T. J. Dudley & Sons sash, door 
and blind factory, render these thoughts peculiarly appropriate, 

Mr. T. J. Dudley was born in Hancock county, Ga., near Sparta. He came 
here in I80I when quite young. He began the study of the lumber business 
twenty-six years ago, and in 1872 built the proper buildings ; in 1882 was burned 
out, but afterward rebuilt the present plaqt. Several years ago he associated 
with him A. T. Dudley and Frank J, Dudley, his sons, who were then just out 
of school to enter upon their business career, which acquisitions formed the pres- 
ent style of the firm of T. J. Dudley & Sons. 

These young members have proven to be " chips from the old block." They 
have taken the reins of the business in hand and familiarized themselves with 
every department of the business, handling it with the skill of old veterans, being 
quick, active and energetic, and to-day are classed among the most progressive 
business men of Columbus. Since their connection with the firm there have been 
added two departments, viz : contracting and building, and the manufacture of 



130 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



sash, doors and blinds, both of which have been made important departments. 
That of the sash, doors and blinds has been extended, until now they are selling 
this product into the States of Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Their work is 
second to none and their prices on material are such as to come in competition 
with any other manufacturer from any market. 

Their grounds are 147x438 feet, and covered with buildings and machinery. 
Four boilers are used having 125 horse power. On the grounds is a dry kiln 
24x100 feet with a capacity for drying 75,000 feet of lumber per week. 

Eighty hands are given employment by this firm, which brings the monthly 
pay roll up to $2,500. 

In the establishment of Dudley & Sons are to be found a complete stock of 
lime, laths, shingles, mantels, builders' hardware and rough and dressed lumber, 
in fact it is one of the prominent institutions of the city, and conduces in a marked 
degree to the furthering of the interests of the city and the general mercantile 
welfare, increasing every year its sphere of usefulness as well as augmenting its 
resources. 



J. W. PEASE'S SONS — Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Books and 
Stationery, Pianos and Organs, Art Material, Picture Frames, 
Glass and Moulding, No. 1140 Broad Street. 
The Americans are essentially a great reading people, and every year the 
taste for reading solid literature is growing. The cultivation of this taste is an 
evidence of advancement in refinement and culture, and we believe the readins; 
nations of the earth are those who excel in business, commerce, science and art. 
Of all articles of merchandise that a i)urchaser has to take on the representation 
of the seller the piano is most decidedly the one, in buying which the purchaser 
has to take most on faith. xVlmost every other class of goods can be tested and 
examined with more general knowledge of their material, construction, durability 
and ability to perform what is promised, but a piano is an article that challenges 
closest scrutiny, and the purchaser, even though he may be an educated musician, 
unless he is thoroughly familiar with the construction of a piano, can be imposed 
upon by the many elaborately carved instruments, some of which possess a few 
good and redeeming features, but which are exceptions to those usually placed 
on the market. In view of these facts, too much care cannot be exercised in 
selecting a jnano, and as it is usually, bouglit but once in a lifetime, one cannot 
aftbrd to experiment, but should secure an instrument that will be truly a "thing 
of beauty and a joy forever." The business house of J. W. Pease's Sons in- 
cludes in its several departments, books and stationery, pianos and organs, and 
art goods of all kinds. It was established by 'Sir. J . "W. Pease, father of the 
present proprietors, in 1845, and was successfully conducted l)y him until 1890 
when his sons, William C. and J. Norman Pease, succeeded to the business. 
Commenced with medium capital, the increase has been commensurate Avith the 
growth of the city, and to attend to the large business requires the services of 
two male and one female employee, in addition to tlie proprietors, who give per- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 131 

sonal attention to the trade. The store-room occupied is 25x125 feet in size, 
and it is admirably adapted to the requirements of the business. As this house 
does both a wholesale and retail business in books and stationery, all articles 
coming under this distinctive term are to be found in the stock, enabling small 
dealers to purchase in any quantity to suit, and the lawyer, physician or reader 
for pastime to obtain single volumes on any subject they may wish. The house 
deals in books of every description, from the most solid, scientific and erudite 
works down to the light literature of the day, offering books suited to minds of 
all calibers and inclinations. The stock of stationery is the most complete and 
best selected in the city, ahvays embracing everything desirable, new andcostlv. 
Only the best makes of ])ianos and organs are sold by this house and would-be 
purchasers can rely upon being furnished with first-class and desirable instru- 
ments from this house. In the art department may be obtained art materials of 
all kinds, picture frames, glass and moulding. A stock of ^^10,000 average 
value is carried, and a large trade is supplied throughout Georgia and Alabama, 
the annual sales reaching i^SO, 000. Mr. "Wm. C. Pease was born here in 1856, 
Mr. J. N. Pease in 1859, and they have long been closely identified with the 
commercial and industrial growth of Columbus. They have had fifteen years 
experience in this branch of business, and they can oft'er advantages to the trade 
and those desiring anything in this line that make it a most desirable house with 
Avhich to establish business relations. 



W. J. WATT — Wholesale Dealer in Groceries and Plantation Supplies 
OF Every Description, Office No. 1000, Corner Broad and 
Tenth Streets, Under Rankin House; Warehouse 8 and 9 Ninth 
Avenue. 

There are some houses in this city Avhose long and steady career, heavy 
and extensive transactions and solid qualities, make them landmarks in the his- 
tory of the past, and prime factors in the commerce and prosperity of the present. 
Of such the house of W. J. Watt is a prominent representative, not alone from 
the extent of its trade and the force and energy of its management, but also from 
the fact that for almost a quarter of a century it has wielded, and continues to 
wield, an influence on the commercial development of Columbus of the broadest 
and deepest character. In this connection we give a few brief facts with relation to 
the rise and growth of the house of Mr. Watt, which is replete with interest. 
Although founded with small capital in October 18G8, the business has since 
largely increased, by honorable business methods and commendable entex'prise, 
until at the present day it must be regarded as one of the most prominent firms 
engaged in this particular branch of industry in the city. Mr. Watt occupies a 
three-story building of large dimensions at No. 1000, corner Broad and Tenth 
streets, where may be found a most complete and comprehensive assortment of 
groceries and plantation supplies of every description, valued at S15,000 to 
S25,000. Seven employes find occupation with tliis house, and such are its rela- 
tions and magnitude that it is ena1)led to ofter advantages to the trade not duj^li- 



132 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



catecl by many and surpassed by none of its cotemporaries. The transactions 
are general throughout Georgia, Alabama and Florida, and will reach $200,000 
per annum. The amount disbursed for employees wages will reach $400 per 
month, and in every Avay the business is carried on in a prompt and most orderly 
manner. Mr. "Watt Avas born in Jones county, July 15, 1825, and came to 
Columbus in 1868 to engage in his present business. He is so widely and hon- 
orably known that it seems superfluous to speak of his many merits. He has 
met with that business successs Avhich inevitably folloAvs honesty, industry and 
economy, and his establishment compares most satisfactorily with others of like 
nature in the South. 



M. H. LEE — Dealer ix Fixe Millinery, 1114 Broad Street. 

There is no more important branch of commercial industry than that of mil- 
linery. AYhile the grocer and dry goods merchants are important factors in ad- 
ministering to the necessities and demands of the community, there is no one 
pursuit to Avhich the elegant and presentable appearance of the female portion of 
society is so much indebted. Nothing pleases the feminine fancy more than to 
revel among the beauties and styles of loveliness displayed in a first-class mil- 
linery establishment, and if anything could make a lovely woman look more 
lovely it is a tasteful and bewitching millinery adornment, and in the city of 
Columbus tliere is no more attractive establishment of this kind than that of M. 
H. Lee, at No. 1114 Broad street. This enterprise Avas started in 1800 Avith a 
medium capital, and has increased most satisfactorily each succeeding year. 
The store-room occupied is 35x90 feet in size, and in it is displayed a large and 
carefully selected stock and assortment of seasonable millinery goods, consisting 
of ribbons, laces, floAvers, feathers, hats, bonnets, trimming silks, velvets, etc., 
valued at $5,000. One gentleman assists in the business, and from four to six 
female employes are engaged as the season demands. In all respects the work 
done here need not fear comparison Avith that done in any section of the country, 
and the extensive patronage Avhich the store enjoys is a proof of its popularity. 
The local transactions through Georgia and Alabama reach $20,000 per annum, 
and the Avork of this house is noted for elegance and perfect taste. Mr. M. H. 
Lee Avas born in Ireland, but has resided here since 1857. An experience of 
thirty-eight years in this trade, and the unvarying success of the house since its 
inception is sufficient guarantee that the demands of this line of business are 
fully met and patrons served promptly and in a satisfactory manner. 

H. F. EVERETT— The Stove Man, 1111 Broad Street. 

It is questionable if there is any city in the South surpassing Columbus in 
natural and ac(iuired advantages as a business centre; certaiidy none offering 
comparable inducements for the investment of capital, or a better field for the 
exercise of enterprise, the assurance having become patent, from her commercial 
history, that either or both, sagaciously and honorably employed, will return 
substantial profits. Appreciating these facts, Mr. H. F. Everett decided to em- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 133 

brace the opportunities offered, and in 1878 the firm of Bradford & Everett Avas 
established. jMr. Everett has succeeded to the entire business, and he makes no 
grand display merely for effect, but the stock of stoves, tinware, etc., he keeps 
on hand are always of the best and of the very latest popular patterns. Mr. 
Everett is one of those few men who believe in keeping up with the times, and 
instead of having on hand a large assortment of old-style and inferior goods, he 
makes it a point to keep the best and most reliable articles the market affords, 
lie has ere this found that the policy thus adopted is the only correct one, and, 
of course, being free of a large amount of dead capital, he is enabled to place 
his goods down on a small margin. He sells the New Enterprise stoves, Charter 
Oak stoves and genuine Iron Witch and Iron King stoves, leading makes, as will 
be seen. A full line of house-furnishing goods of every description is carried. 
The stock of stoves and tinware is valued at $7,000, and five employees are en- 
gaged, including competent tinners, as one of the departments is that of the 
manufacture of various kinds of tinware, sheet iron and copper goods. He has 
provided himself with the necessary appliances for work of this kind, and per- 
sonally supervises the business. Mr. Everett was born in Columbus November 
11, 1843, and has resided here all of his life. Managing his business on legiti- 
mate mercantile principles, honorable and liberal in policy, we refer to him with 
pleasure, and as a duty, as a representative establishment in his line, contrib- 
uting substantially to the improvement and progress of the city. This is the 
largest and most extensive house of the kind in this section. 

A. J. BETHUNE — Stationery, Fancy Goods and Notions, 21 Tenth 
Street. 

Among the branches of industry in Columbus, there are none probably that 
will aid more effectually in satisfying the wants of tlie general public than the 
varied assortment of useful articles to be found in a well supplied variety store. 
We are surprised as we enter to find so much that we need, and so much that it 
seems impossible to do without. Mr. Bethune keeps constantly an immense 
stock, consisting of stationery, fancy goods and notions of every description, tin, 
wooden and willow-Avare, crockery and glassware, tobaccos, snuffs, and, in fact, 
everything a person may call for, as it is headquarters for the above named 
articles. To our readers we commend the variety store of A. J. Bethune for 
good goods and fair dealings. 

PHILIP EIFLER — Dealer in Guns, Pistols, Cartridges, Sporting Goods, 
etc., 1005 Broad Street. 
A prevailing feature of business in this city, and one which early engages 
the attention of the observer of our commercial and industrial operations, is the 
conservative enterprise with which it is conducted. There is no lack of enter- 
prise, individual or collective, no scarcity of that spirit of self-confidence which 
leads men to unite for the o-eneral good, each feelinin; sure of commanding his own 
share, no want of vigorous push and willing venture into new fields — but neither 



134 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



is there any wild inflation, any chasing after the ignes fatui of trade. Among 
the solid and substantial houses of Columbus is incduded that of Mr. Philip Eifler, 
Avliich has had a creditable history and a most prosperous career of more than 
thirty years. Occupying a salesroom 20x70 feet in size, centrally located, he 
displays a full and complete assortment of firearms of ever}^ description, -with 
ammunition in its various forms and sporting goods of all kinds, including fine 
fishing tackle, seines and nets. In connection with this line of business he is 
largely engaged in the manufacture of tents, awnings, etc., which are specially 
desirable in this climate. The stock carried is valued at 83,000, and a large and 
lucrative local trade is supplied, the annual business being placed at i?20,000. 
Three assistants are constantly employed and courteous attention is paid to the 
wants of customers. Mr. Eifler is a German by birth, but has resided in Colum- 
bus thirty-one years. He commenced learning his trade in 1843, and with a 
thorough knowledge of all its re(|uirements, added to the economy and perse- 
verance possessed by all of his nationality, he has been most successful in his 
business and is one of our most highly respected citizens. The aff'airs of this 
house are conducted with enterprise and judgment, and it has earned and enjoys 
the confidence and patronage of the trade to whose needs it ministers. 

DAVID ROTHSCHILD — Manufacturer of Pants and Siurts and Jobber 
OF Gents' Furnisiiings and Clothing, AVholesale and Retail 
Dealer in Dry Goods, Shoes, Clothing and Notions, 1245-1247 
Broad Street. 

Among the men who, in a few years, have taken a prominent place in the 
commercial world of Columbus, we Avould call attention to the gentleman whose 
name heads this sketch. David Rothschild was born in Germany in 18G0, and 

at nineteen vears of age he determined to 
seek fame and fortune in the distant land 
across the water. In that year he came to 
America, and four years later to Columbus. 
He, while yet in his native land, evinced a 
taste and talent for business, and, turning 
this to account, decided to take up dry goods 
and clothing. After a residence of three 
years in Columbus, he opened his present 
house in 1886. From the first his success 
has been phenomenal, even beyond his fond- 
est expectations. His capital was small at 
the beginnino;, but what he lacked in cash 
capital was made up in push, enterprise, and 
a love of upright dealing, the three charac- 
teristics of a successful business man. His 
capacity is large, and he does a business that 
runs into large numbers. He employs twelve salesmen, who arc gentlemanly 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 135 

and polite and vie with one another in a desire to please. His wholesale trade 
covers parts of Georgia and Alabama, while he does a large local trade. He 
handles the latest styles in clothing and gents' furnishings, hats and caps, dry 
goods and notions. His stock is most complete, and is being constantly replenished. 

JACOB BROWDY— Hats, Caps, Clothing and Furnishing Goods, 1013 
Broad Street. 
In every city there are certain representative houses of a special line of 
goods, founded upon the experience and enterprise of the proprietors, the com- 
pleteness of the stock and liberality of the business policy, to which the public 
turn Avith a certainty of finding what they want, and that of the best quality. Of 
the houses engaged in the clothing business in this city it is entirely safe to assert 
that none are more entitled to the merit accruing from the above mentioned char- 
acteristics than that of 'Sir. Jacob Browdy, located at No. 1013 Broad street. 
Starting in a small way with limited capital, Mr. Browdy has enlarged his busi- 
ness to its present extent, increasing his stock from time to time, and now carries 
a full assortment of clothing, hats, caps, fine shoes and furnishing goods, valued 
at $20,000 to $25,000. A large and lucrative trade has been established in 
Georgia and Alabama, principally local in character, and the annual sales will 
reach $40,000. The building occupied is 30x92 feet in size, and three assistants 
are constantly employed. Mr. Browdy makes a specialty of fine shoes, does a 
large jobbing trade in hats and makes clothing to order on short notice, satisfac- 
tion being guaranteed in every respect. He endeavors to please his patrons, and 
the large and increasing trade which he has built up shoAvs his success. Mr. 
Browdy Avas born in Prussia and came to Columbus nine years ago. He has had 
twelve years experience in this line, and in his thorough and detailed knowledge 
of everything pertaining to or contingent upon his business, has few equals. 
Prompt, reliable and liberal, with an activity and industry that knows no pause, 
he has made his house a favorite one for those who have once appreciated the 
advantages to be derived there in prices. 



J. W. CARGILL— Staple and Fancy Groceries, Corner First Avenue 
AND Eleventh Street. 
Ever since the year of 1870 the name of J. W. Cargill has been familiar to 
the people of Columbus as a grocer, and there is no branch of business Avhich 
enters so largely into the general make-up of a city's trade as the grocery busi- 
ness. The city of Columbus has her portion of these important establishments, 
and none are more deserving of notice than the establishment of J. W. Cargill, 
who started in 1870 with small capital, but what he lacked in capital was made 
up in enteprise, industry and business integrity, resulting in a good legitimate 
increase. With Mr. Cargill nothing succeeds like success, and the success of his 
business has been almost phenomenal. His business career, from clerk to mer- 
chant, is one that he may well feel proud of. Mr. Cargill was born in Lawrence 
district, S. C, and has lived in this city since 1869. His present store, corner 



136 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



of Eleventh street and First avenue, occupies a space 40x75 feet, in which can 
be found a complete stock of staple and fancy groceries. His business is con- 
ducted on a basis of honesty, punctuality and fair dealings, and he is a man of 
executive ability and enterprise, and his business conduces to the prosperity of 
the city, as does his goods to the health of the people. Mr. Cargill is a gentle- 
man of high standing, and in all respects is one of the safest and most substantial 
men in the country, and, with his good judgment and able management, has 
prudently provided for the necessities of the future. In his line we can only in 
justice say: No concern is conducted upon higher principles of mercantile honor, 
none rival in financial solidity, while for upright dealings and fairness to cus- 
tomers it stands Avithout a peer in this great congregation of commerce and 
manufacture. 

E, jNI. AVERETT — Wholesale Fruits and Vegetables, Telephone No. 216. 
With unequaled transportation facilities, penetrating an immense area of 
demand in every direction, Columbus is unsurpassed as a trade centre by any 
other inland mart in the South, and few Southern cities possess eijual advantages. 
Recognizing this fact, Mr. Averett established a wholesale fruit and vegetable 
house here in 1891, and from a moderate beginning has increased his business 
transactions until now it extends over a large territory, reaching far through the 
States of Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Mr. Averett occupies two floors, 
30x90 feet in size, where he keeps a most desirable stock of apples, oranges, 
lemons, potatoes, cabbages, onions, turnips, etc., which he is able to sell to whole- 
sale or retail merchants at lowest possible prices, as he receives these goods in 
car lots. The stock is of several thousand dollars average value, and is sold out 
and replenished so often that the annual transactions reach from $40,000 to 
$50,000. Mr. Averett endeavors to keep the finest quality of fruits and vege- 
tables placed on the market, and in every respect this is a leading house in this 
line. Four emj)loyees are required in handling goods, and orders from near or 
far are filled in the shortest possible time, and to the satisfaction of all parties. 
Mr. Averett was born in Muscogee county, Ga., in 1841, commenced work in 
this branch of trade in 1880, and in a twelve years residence here has gained the 
esteem of our citizens. This adds another testimonial to the list of successful 
business houses, attesting the great advantages of this city as a centre of trade. 

WILEY WYNNE— Wholesale and Retail Tobacconist, 1208 Broad 
Street. 
All persons who are addicted to the use of cigars and tobacco, and who 
appreciate the delicious flavor of a prime cigar of choice Havana or domestic 
stock, as well as those who use good tobacco in any of its various manufactured 
forms, for chewing or smoking, are directly and personally interested in knowing 
the precise place where such articles may be obtained. It becomes our duty, 
therefore, to say to tlie devotees of the " weed" that one of the favorite resorts 
with good judges in Columbus is the well known establishment forming the sub- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 137 

ject of this sketch. Here may be found at all times the most reliable and popu- 
lar brands, either in large or small quantities, at reasonable prices. Mr. Wynne 
engaged in this business here in 1867 in a small Avay, and has built up a reputa- 
tion for straightforward and liberal dealing second to no house in the city. His 
stock includes fine cigars, tobacco for chewing or smoking, snuff, pipes and a full 
line of smokers' articles, which will reach $2,500 in value. Two assistants are 
employed, and the trade, both wholesale and retail, will reach from $7,000 to 
$8,000 per annum. The store-room occupied is 20x80 feet in size, and in every 
way will compare favorably with any similar concern in the city. Mr. Wynne 
Avas born in Putnam county, Ga., in 1856, of colored parentage, coming to 
Columbus soon after, where he commenced operations in this line at an early age. 
He has maintained an enviable name for reliability, enterprise, and all the quali- 
ties that go to make the valuable citizen and prosperous business man. This is a 
store to which we take pleasure in recommending the citizens of Columbus, and 
to add that Mr. Wynne is justl}^ entitled to the liberal patronage which he has 
received from all classes of customers. 

J. S. HARRISON & BRO.— Dealers in Boots and Shoes, 1105 Broad 
Street. 

Every line of the retail business found in other large cities, has a strong 
representation here, both in number of establishments and the character of the 
stock kept. The parties having control of these important interests ai*e almost 
universally gentlemen of enterprise and ability, and have a high standing in the 
commercial world for integrity and business capacity. Among the leading retail 
boot and shoe houses, that of Messrs. J. S. Harrison & Bro., situated at No. 1105 
Broad street deserves mention. Mr. J. S. Harrison started in business for him- 
self six years ago, with limited capital, but like many of our self-made merchants, 
a quiet perseverance and determination to succeed has placed him, and through 
him his firm, on the topmost rounds of the ladder of success. This fashionable 
emporium occupies a building 30x100 feet in size, where is displayed a choice 
and most desirable stock of boots, shoes, and slippers for men's, women's, youths', 
misses' and children's wear, of all styles and grades, from the fine and costly 
hand-made to the coarser qualities, valued at $10,000. This firm handles none 
but the very best make of goods, and their full and Avell assorted stock being bought 
directly from Eastern markets, enables them to compete with any contemporaries 
in price and style, to the decided advantage of the customers. The trade sup- 
plied includes residents of the city and those visiting the city for supplies, and 
amounts to S25,000 per annum. Several assistants are employed, and the mem- 
bers of the firm give personal attention to the business. Messrs. J. S. and C. H. 
Harrison are the individual members of the firm, both natives of this city, and a 
tho'*ough knowledge on the part of both ensures goods that will compare favor- 
ably with, if not surpass in (juality, those of any house in Georgia, while the 
liberal and prompt way in which the establishment is conducted bespeaks an 
unusual share of popularity. Mr. J. S. Harrison began the study of this line of 

(J) 



138 



COLUxMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



trade about eighteen years ago, clerking for Mr. W. P. Bedell, an old and expe- 
rienced shoe merchant, and Mr. C. H. Harrison learned the business Avith Mr. H. 
Meyers, commencing about fifteen years ago. Mr. J. S. Harrison holds the posi- 
tion of First Lieutenant of the Columbus Guards, with great credit to himself 
and the company. Much credit is due this firm for the enterprise and ability 
they have displayed in establishing this branch of industry, and carrying it to its 
present high and successful position, contributing largely to the reputation which 
Columbus holds as a center for supplies. 



W. E. JOHNSON — Southern Traveler fur The Kerr Thread Co. 

No pleasanter task falls to the duty of the statistician than that of present- 
to the world the character and personnel of the commercial men, and of review^- 
ing the results of their enterprise and energy in the busy drama of commercial 
life. ^len Avho give both imj)ress and impulse to commercial history are not 

only the '•'•abstract chroniclers of 
their day^'' but they are the 
guides of the peojde in mercan- 
tile life, and the heralds of the 
broad progress that distinguishes 
American trade. Witli the growth 
of commerce, some men have 
gained prominence, the record of 
whose business lives teaches les- 
sons of a most salutary character. 
It teaches Avhat can be accom- 
plished by the development of 
native ability and innate execu- 
tive talent, unassisted by the 
immeasurable benefits derived 
from mercantile education. These 
men, as before remarked, occupy 
the position of guides, which posi- 
tion they have gained by their 
suj.erior business ([ualifications 
and characteristics of sterling in- 
tegrity, high degree of commercial 
honor, clear and decisive thought, 
(piick, prompt action, and filling, 
also when selected, with rare ability the most honorable and resj.onsible stations. 
With but few exceptions they are self-made men, who have, aided only l)y their own 
exertion and energy, fought their way to prominence, and owe solely to their 
own self-reliance whatever progress they have made in life. In the very front 
rank ()f this class, and wc but echo public sentiment, we ];lace W. E. Johnson, 
"traveler for Kerrs' Six-Ci»rd Spool Cotton," one of tlie foremost men and 




COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 139 

one of the most active Avorkers in the advancement of commercial interests. Mr, 
Johnson is a Virginian by birth, and possesses all the gentlemanly attributes for 
Avhich those of his native State are so well known. He began traveling about 
three years ago for his present employers, although under some disadvantages 
he pursued his business industriously, and with the determination of building up 
a trade that would eventually stand in the front ranks. He worked steadily and 
bravely on, by degrees making a lasting impression on the existing trade, and 
of his success it is not necessary for us to make extended comment ; like an 
axiom in mathematics, it is a self-evident fact ; the great (|uantities of Kerrs' 
Six-Cord Cotton that he places in his territory, Avhich reaches from Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn., to Cuba, tell it in more expressive language than can we with pen 
and paper. Few men in the country of his age can boast so long, continuous 
and honorable a business career, and but few in any branch have attained so 
widespread a reputation for uniform courtesy as has Mr. Johnson, (better known 
to the trade as " Billie, the Hustler.") With the sterling business qualities of 
Addison C. Hook as Southern Manager, and W. E. Johnson as traveler, the 
South will continue to be stocked with Kerrs' Six-Cord Spool Cotton. 

PATTERSON & THOMAS— Manufacturing and Wholesale Drug- 
gists, Fancy Goods, Druggists Sundries, Etc., Etc., 1127 
Broad Street. 
The importation, manufacture and dispensing of drugs, medicines and chemi- 
cals may justly be ranked, at the present day, among the most important and 
lucrative branches of business ; and there are circumstances connected with the 
progress and present condition of its several departments which are worthy the 
attention of the mercantile public. The original apothecary, in primitive times, 
was the practicing physician, who imported his own supply of drugs and dispensed 
them himself. It has not been many years since the first legitimate druggist was 
first known in the United States. Bishop, in his "History of American Manu- 
facture," says: "The war of 1812, and the commercial restrictions which pre- 
ceded it, caused such a scarcity and dearness of chemicals that numbers attempted 
the preparation of the more prominent articles, and the complete establishment of 
the manufacturing business dates from that period. Many of these works were 
undertaken by foreigners, Avho had learned something o£ chemical manipulation 
in German, French and English factories, or by capitalists among our own drug- 
gists who made use of foreign skill in getting their works into operation." The 
druggist entering the field soon relieved the physician from compounding pre- 
scriptions, and thus separated the apothecary from the mere shop-keeper, and 
elevated the business to a professional rank ; and, insomuch as the business 
touches the science of medicine on the one hand and that of chemistry on the 
other, it may be logically added that he Avho is best educated — who combines 
worldly common sense and jirudence with scientific skill — is the one destined to 
be successful in the pursuit of wealth. Our purpose in this work is to refer, in 
descriptive sketches, to representative houses in every branch, selecting promi- 



140 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



nent establishments, as is necessary ; considering more jx^rticularly those Avhose 
success has made them conspicuous, and gained for the })ro]:;rietors positions in 
the mercantile history of the city, the character of a Inisiness man being prop- 
erly measured by honorable success. The drug trade of this, or any other city, 
is one of the most important factors in the make-up of commercial interests, and 
it exercises an influence not out-measured by any other branch. 

The establishment of Patterson & Thomas -was founded in 1887. This 
house took a position in the front rank at the beginning, and has held it yearly, 
increasing their trade in all sections. With regard to so Avell known a house 
but little can be said that is not already known of its importance as a mercantile 
industry, beyond giving the plain facts of this, the largest, drug house in AVest- 
ern Georgia. The extent of their trade, which radiates through p.arts of Georgia 
and Alabama, fully attests the success they have achieved, and the high stand- 
ard of business ability, scientific attainments, integrity and energy, with which 
they have conducted tlieir business. The premises occupied, at No. 1127 Broad 
street, are commodious, convenient and attractive. They have a frontage of 
fifty feet by seventy-five in depth, and three floors. Everything evinces con- 
summate and cultivated taste in all the appointments of this establishment. 
They carry a complete and comprehensive line of drugs, chemicals, medicines 
and pharmaceutical preparations and appliances, and a large assortment of such 
sundries as pertain exclusively to the business, fine grade brushes and combs, 
tooth brushes, toilet soaps and fancy articles of all kinds. They make a spe- 
cialty of surgical instruments and appliances, of Avhich they carry a most com- 
plete stock. The firm is composed of Messrs. E. M. Patterson and A. P. 
Thomas. Both are young men of skill, and Mr. Thomas is a scientific and 
])ractieal druggist of no ordinary ability. In the prescription department of 
the business they enjoy a high reputation. The most careful attention is given 
to compounding physicians' prescriptions in an accurate manner, only the purest 
drugs being used. They are the sole proprietors and manufacturers of Dr. 
Hood's Eureka Liver Medicine, a remed}' having a high rejiutation, l)oth at home 
and abroad. The Eiireka is entirely vegetable in its composition. It is not a 
patent medicine put up to cure all diseases, but only those diseases which attend 
a diseased inactive liver, such as headache, loss of appetite, nausea, bilious- 
ness, heartburn, vertigo, costiveness, chills and fever, etc. It has many Avarm 
endorsers, as will be seen by the following from Dr. N. J. Bussey, President of 
the Eagle and Phenix Manufacturing Co., of this city: "I have used Hood's 
Eureka for a number of years in my family, and I consider it a valuable family 
medicine, and I do not hesitate to say it is all he claims for it." 

In addition to the Eureka Liver Medicine, they own and manufacture the 
following: Hood's Eureka Liver Pills, Gossypedia, the great remedy for sufter- 
ing females; Dr. A. "W. Allen's Celel)rated Liniment, the greatest jiain de- 
stroyer ever discovered. They also manufacture a full line of flavoring extracts, 
extra pure, and soda syrup and fine German cologne. 

Both the partners are young men of high social standing and high business 
honor, and their establishment is equally an honor to themselves and Columbus, 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



141 



THE VERNON HOTEL— George A. Riddle, TRorRiETOR, Corner First 
Avenue and Thirteenth Streets. 
There is no more valuable or necessary convenience in a city than a 'well 
regulated, comfortable, home-like hostelry. Columbus has a number of hotels, 
but none more popular, well regulated and comfortable than that which bears the 
name of the VERNON, located on the corner of First avenue and Thirteenth 
street. This hotel ranks as the oldest hostelry in the city, and it preserves 
many curious and interesting associations. The location is an admirable one, in 
every respect the most desirable and central in the city, close to the business 
and financial sections, only one block from the post office, and as convenient to 




the depots as any in town. It has been the site of a hotel since 1856, when the 
present magnificent structure was erected by William and Madison Perry, at a 
cost of !?TO,000. For many years it was known as the Perry House, the name 
being changed about four years ago, when the present owner of the building, 
James A. Lewis, made extensive improvements throughout the whole building, 
})utting in tile floors in the office, etc. In 1885 the house was leased by Mrs. 
A. E. Riddle & Son, and successfully run until 1892, when Geo. A. Riddle 
purchased his mother's interest, and since that time has spared neither pains nor 
expense to render this the most comfortable hotel in the city, and he has suc- 
ceeded in the most marked degree. The building is a substantial three-story 
and basement structure, specially designed and constructed to secure plenty of 
light and ventilation, having wide corridors, immense dining halls and parlors, 



I 



142 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



large and airy bed-rooms, and many arranged en suite -with parlor and Ijed-room 
connecting. All the modern improvements have been introduced, including 
electric lights, electric bells and annunciator connecting every room direct with 
the office. The office is large and airy, and the rotunda is noted as the coolest 
place in Columbus on a hot summer's day, and is a place Avhere prominent citi- 
zens and strangers can be seen every day. The YERNON covers, together 
with yard, a full half block of ground, and is entirely surrounded by most 
beautiful shade trees. The bathrooms, washroom, barbar shop and bar are in 
the basement, the bar being stocked with the finest grades of wines, liipiors and 
cigai'S, and pool and billiard tables. Mr. Geo. A. Riddle, the present })ro])rietor 
of the YERNON, is recognized as one of the most genial landlords in the 
country, and under Ids watchful supervision a thorough system of organization 
is enforced. The staff" of fifty servants and employees know their duties and 
perform them. The house is clean and bright, cheerful, quiet and home-like, 
Avhile the table is supplied with all the delicacies of the season. It has the 
largest and best equipped kitchen in the city, in charge of a superior che_f\ and 
competent staff" of assistants. The rate, $2 per day, is remarkably moderate, 
considering the character of table and accommodations. Special rates will be 
made to troupes or combinations when clubbing rates are desired, also to families 
desiring board by the month. Mr. Riddle, though a young man, has a wide 
range of experience, and is a practical business man, successful in all he 
undertakes, and the hotel is deservedly prosperous under his guidance, while 
socially he is known and esteemed by the entire community, the YERNON 
being the recognized headquarters for all the social clubs in the city, where they 
hold all their parties, balls and germans. We cordially commend the YERNON 
and its genial bonifaco to our readers, and l)espeak for all who patronize this 
hotel, the best of treatment. 



D. F. WILLCOX & SON — Fire, Marine, Life and Accident Insur- 
ance, Telephone No. 7, No. 1149 Broad Street. 
In these days of push and progress, Avhen the population and prosperity of 
the largest cities are increasing at an unheard of rate, the risk of fire and flood 
are necessarily materally increased, and conseijuently the guarding against such 
catastrophe becomes a matter of gravest consideration. Insurance is the only 
means of remedying such contingencies. Columbus has ample insurance facilities, 
all the largest and best companies 1)eing re})resented here. The oldest and strong- 
est agency in the State is here in the firm of D. F. Willcox & Son. D. F. Will- 
cox, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Hancock county, Ga., born there 
over sixty years ago, and coming to Columbus in 1 841 . He is a pleasant gentleman 
of the old school, that class of grand old men of whom there are so few left to 
teach us of a time when chivalry reigned. A. A. Willcox is a j^oung man of 
superior ability. He graduated from the University of Georgia in 1880, and 
immediately went into his father's office. The following are among the leading 
companies that they represent: Hartford Fire Insurance Company, ^Etna Insur- 



COMxMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 143 

ance Company, North British and Mercantile Insurance Company, Royal Insur- 
ance Company, Phoenix Assurance Company, Commercial Union Assurance Com- 
pany, Orient Insurance Company, Lancashire Insurance Company. They are 
the agents for the Traveler's Accident Insurance Company, of Hartford. In the 
Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, they have the longest list of 
members of any agency in Georgia or Alabama. Those wishing to insure in 
either Fire, Life, or Marine Companies can obtain from them the most reasona- 
ble rates and best indemnity. 

THIRD NATIONAL BANK— Corner Twelfth and Broad Streets. 

It leads. This is the motto of the above bank. Safe, sound and progress- 
ive, its success has been phenomenal, and, though to-day only three and a half 
years old, it leads all the other banks in the city, both in deposits and in the 
volume of its business. Very much of this, of course, is attributable to the 
management of the bank, the very strong Board of Directors being one of the 
main-springs of the bank's success. The courtesy and attention on the part of 
its employees, and the progressive and energetic action of the officials, all con- 
spire to the success which it has attained in so short a while. 

The banking house of this institution is probably one of the handsomest in 
the South, and not only pleases the eye and carries with it an air of comfort, but 
in addition to all this, every modern convenience for protection of the business of 
the bank, and the convenience of its patrons, have been happily blended in the 
building located as shown at the head of this article, and which to-day is the most 
conspicuous in the city of Columbus. 

Everybody admires success. Capital always prefers to be attached to insti- 
tutions which lead. There is a seductiveness about success which lets a bank 
make its own way, after the people have once had confidence instilled, and learned 
to patronize the institution. 

This bank is a regular dividend-paying one, but its Boai'd very conservatively 
and successfully have adopted the rule of passing the major portion of the profits 
to the surplus and undivided profit accounts, so as to build the bank up in the 
estimation of depositors and customers, instead of declaring large dividends to 
please shareholders. This course has largely strengthened it, and at the same 
time entirely satisfied those who helped to inaugurate it, and the present price of 
its stock in the market, and the utter inability to obtain any of it, is the best 
index of the estimation in which it is held by the public and shareholders. 

Organized in 1889 with a capital of $100,000, with a surplus at present of 
$30,000, its annual transactions will reach many millions of dollars. From the 
time of its organization to the present day, it has always wielded a controlling 
influence upon the finances of this section — an influence uniformly of a beneficial 
character, of course consistent with its financial management. This is one of the 
institutions of special prominence, from the fact that it has never faltered, and 
its obligations have been carried out to the letter. The character of the business 
carried on is of a purely legitimate banking nature, and the policy upon which it 



I 



144 



COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



has been conducted is amply shoAvn by the follo\Ying — the first and last — state- 
ments of the bank: 



FIRST STATEMENT FEBRUARY 26, 1889. 



RESOURCKS 

Loans and Discounts $ 46,788 14 

Over drafts, secured and unse- 
cured 435 4o 

U. S. Bonds to secure Circnlat'n 25,000 00 
Due from Ajiproved Reserve 

Agents 43,778 38 

Due from other National Banks 1<),1)1)7 38 

Due from State B'ks and B'krs 6,801 49 

Real Estate and Furniture 2,034 81 

Current Expenses and Taxes p'd 2,475 02 

Premiums paid 7,312 50 

Checks and other Cash items. . . 225 95 

Bills of other Banks 24,500 00 

Fractional Paper Currency, cents 

and nickels 71 63 

Specie S,455 00 

Legal Tender Xotes 50,000 00 

Redemption Fund with U. S. 

Treas'r 5 ^f of Circulation. . 1,125 00 

Total $ 236.650 25 



LIABILITIES. 

Capital Stock paid in $ 100,000 00 

Undivided Profits 1,638 65 

Xafnl Bank Notes outstanding 22,500 00 
Individual Deposits subject to 

Check 107.427 46 

Due other National Banks 2,710 41 

Due State Banks and Bankers. 2,367 73 



Total $236,650 25 



The above was the first statement issued. The followino; statement, issued 
during the present year, will show the great increase : 

LAST STATEMENT 1892. 



RESOURCES. 

Loans and Discounts $ 358,232,54 

Overdrafts, secured and unse- 
cured 14,419 40 

U. S. Bonds to secure Circnlat'n 25,000 00 

Due from Approved Reserve 

Agents 76,930 74 

Due from other National Banks 8,515 03 

Due from State B'ks and B'krs 3,957 36 

Banking House Furniture and 

Fixtures 15,000 00 

Current Expenses and Taxes p'd 2,080 83 

Premium on U. S. Bonds 4.000 00 

Checks and other Cash items. . . 2,359 84 

Bills of other Banks 14,330 00 

Fractional Paper Curency, Nick- 
els and Cents 56 07 

Specie 23.184 90 

Legal Tender Notes 40,000 00 

Redemption Fund with U. S. 

Treas., 5^;? of Circulation. . 1,125 00 

Due from U. S. Treas. other 

than 5 % Fund 000 00 

Total 8 589,791 71 



LI.\CILITIES. 

Capital Stock paid in $ 100,000 00 

Surplus Fund 13,500 00 

Undivided Profits 15,165 86 

Natn"l Bank Notes outstanding 22,500 00 

Dividends unpaid 93 00 

Individual Deposits, subject to 

Check 425,159 74 

Demand Cirtificates of Deposit. . 221 10 

Due other National Banks 4,201 48 

Due State Banks and Bankers . 8,950 53 



Total $ 589,791 71 



The Third National Bank has correspondents in all of the principal money 
centres of the United States on which exchange is sold. The building occupied, 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 145 

located as above indicated, is in every way eligible in location and convenient for 
the conduct of the business. The present officers are : G. Gunby Jordan, Presi- 
dent; J. W. Murphy, Cashier; gentlemen too well known in this community to 
require personal mention or individual assignment. Filling an invaluable place in 
the monetary system of this city, the Third National Bank exhibits in itself all 
the advantages that accrue from an enterprising, liberal and discerning policy, a 
policy that confers benefits upon others, while in the pursuit of legitimate gain. 




AND SCHOOL OF SHORT-HAND. 



W. C.HOWEY AND R. W. MASSEY, Principals, R. W. Massey, Business 
Manager. 
This is an institution which has enjoyed phenominal success and growth. 
The most })ractical and modern methods are employed in all its departments, and 
the courses of study are thorough and practical in every detail. This is essen- 
tially a commercial age, and one of the iraparative demands of the times is that 
those who would successfully engage in business should be trained. To meet 
the increasing popular demand for practical business training, the Columbus 
Business College was established, and that faith in Columbus as a location for an 
institution of this kind was well founded, is evidenced by the great success and 
prosperity which is has enjoyed. Columbus possesses unrivaled advantages, as 
a city, for the successful up-building of a school of this character, situated as 
she is, at the head of navigation on the Chattahoochee river, with splendid rail- 
road facilities, and in the centre of a region the most thriving and prosperous in 
the South. The school is easily accessible to the hundreds of young people in 
Georgia and adjoining States who appreciate the value of a business education. 
A familiarity by the Principals, Avith the workings of the leading business 
colleges of the United States, has enabled them to formulate superior courses of 
instruction, embodying all excellencies and excluding all obsolete theories. In 
fact, no pains have been spared in elevating this college to a plane equal to any 
in the land. That this has been achieved, all who will examine the curricu- 
lum and investigate the practical results attained, may readily satisfy themselves. 
Endorsements by business men, of a school of practical training, is the best 
testimony of its efficiency, and this the Columbus Business College has received 
enthusiastically, both by business men who have secured the services of its 
graduates, and through the Columbus Board of Trade, Avhicli body, on the invi- 
tation of the Principals, appointed a committee to investigate the methods, etc, 
of the school. The committee, consisting of representative business men, after 
a careful and searching examination, rendered a report highly laudatory of the 
college, and unqualifiedly commending it to the public, Columbus is to be con- 
gratulated on having a college of business training worthj^ of such high endorse- 



146 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 



ment by practical men of affairs. The curricvilum eml)races those branches 
Avhich are most necessary in the preparation for a successful business career. 
In the Business Course the stvident receives instructions in book-keeping, bank- 
ing, penmanship, business arithmetic, commercial law, business and legal forms, 
and business correspondence. The student is familiarized -with all kinds of 
commercial ])aper, notes, drafts, checks, mortgages, deeds, etc., and goes through 
business operations of great variety, so that he becomes fully equipped for the 
active duties of l>usiness life. 

The Short-hand Course includes office reporting, general reporting, type- 
writing, orthography, paragraphing, punctuation, etc. Personal instruction and 
assistance is given in all departments by instructors who will be found zealous in 
promoting the wellfare and advancing the interests of the students, taking 
pleasure in providing them with every means that may contribute to their 
thoroughness of preparation and rapid advancement. 

Tuition rates are reasonable, and from three to four montlis are re(|uired to 
complete a course, which will be of lifetime benefit. Good family board is 
procured for studen.ts at $12 to $14 per month, which is a much lower rate than 
can be obtained in other cities, and is a leading point in favor of this school. 
We bespeak for this Avorthy institution the patronage and abundant prosperity 
Avhich it deserves, believing that great numbers of young people throughout this 
section of the South Avill avail themselves of its practical training. On applica- 
tion to the Principals, a beautifully illustrated catalogue and circulars will be 
sent to any address. 

WM. MUNDAY— Livery, Feed and Sale Stables, 934, 936 and 933 
Broad Street. 
When and how the system of hireing horses, for longer or shorter periods 
originated, it is probably hard now to determine, but to Avhatever date and cause 
it is to be attributed, certain it is that the system as it is now carried out is not 
only one of our greatest modern conveniences, but an absolute necessity. With 
the growth of our population has increased the demand for livery teams, carri- 
ages, etc., and the business has assumed great proportions. Among the several 
livery establishments in Columbus, the stables conducted by Mr. Wm. Munday 
deserves especial mention in this work, as being in every way, a representative 
one. of the best class of such establishments. These stables, situated on 934, 
986 and 938 Broad street, are complete in every way, and are arranged in a 
manner that aflFords the greatest convenience in every department. This enter- 
prise was started by Mr. Munday twenty -six years ago with no capital, but with 
his integrity, industry and honesty he has made a iTiarked success, and attained 
the highest position among similar establishments in the city. The stables are 
built of brick, and are tAvo stories high— occupying a space of 125 feet front ])y 
150 feet deep, containing seventy-five stalls, to say nothing of the spacious lot in 
the rear, besides ample accommodation for vehicles of every description. Mr. 
Munday has in his charge about sixty-four head of horses that he boards, besides 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 147 

the twenty -five he keeps for riding and driving purposes. Single or double teams 
can ahvays be secured, and special attention is given to supplying carriages for 
parties, balls, weddings and other occasions. Ten employees are required in the 
business. The line of vehicles kept on hand are stylish and of the most popular 
and recent manufacture, and a most satisfactory and lucrative trade is enjoyed 
throughout the city. Mr. Munday is knoAvn for his honesty and straghtforward 
dealings, and a business man in the fullest and best sense of the term, and his 
genial disposition and cordial sincerity have made him extremely popular with 
all. To our readers, whether residents of Columbus or from abroad, we particu- 
larly commend this establishment, which, in the style of stock, turnouts and mod- 
eration in price, is not eclipsed by any competitor in the Sunny South. 

HAMER & EASON — Wholesale Grocers, 1109 Broad Street. 

An important feature in connection with the progress and prosperity of the 
business interests of cities are their well-conducted wholesale houses. In a com- 
plete and comprehensive work, professing to present in a reliable manner the 
commercial facilities of a city, the wholesale grocery establishment of Messrs. 
Hamer & Eason deserves more than a passing notice. These gentlemen estab- 
lished their enterprise September 1, 1891, and it has assumed a prominent posi- 
tion in the trade. The large and commodious building at 1109 Broad street, 
which is fully occupied by them, is 35x125 feet in size, and a fine display of goods 
in this line is made, including meat, corn, oats, hay, flour, tobacco, cigars, bag- 
ging and ties, soap, soda, potash and canned goods, which are offered to the trade 
at bottom prices. Five employees are required in handling goods, filling orders 
and attending to the various departments of the business. The stock is valued at 
$5,000, and the trade is principally local, including many planters who come from 
some distance to obtain their supplies of our merchants. Tlie individual members 
of the firm are Messrs. George W. Hamer and James T. Eason, live businessmen, 
who are well-known and popular with our citizens. Mr. Hamer resides on his 
farm, three and a half miles from the city, situated on the Georgia Midland Rail- 
road, and is fully conversant with the needs and wants of planters in this section. 
Mr. Eason came here from Russell county, Ala., about twenty miles from Colum- 
bus, in December 1890, and has assumed a prominent place in business circles. 
Liberal, enterprising and energetic, they promote to a large extent the industrial 
thrift of the community. 

REID & LENOIR— Painters, Paper Hangers and Decorators, Deal- 
ers IN Wall Paper, Paints and Oils, Picture Moulding, Etc., 
1039 Broad Street. 
Our purpose in this w5rk is not to over estimate one house at the expense of 
others. We merely' wish to give, by a truthful narration of facts, a representa- 
tion of the resources of the city. The past few years liave witnessed wonderful 
advancement in the art of both exterior and interior house decorations, and the 
business men of Columbus have ever been foremost in catering to the fastidious 
trade which seeks this market as the source of its supplies. The growing taste 



148 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA — HER 

for interior decorations of the people of all classes of society is a sure indication 
of culture and refinement. In this connection we call attention of our readers to 
the firm of Keid k Lenoir, located at No. 1039 Broad street, who as painters, 
paper hangers and decorators are entitled to a prominent position among our 
enterprising houses. This firm have been engaged in this business here for t^vo 
and a half years, and possessing enterprise, ability, a thoroughly comprehensive 
knowledge of the requirements of the trade, and industrial courage, they have all 
the necessary elements, backed by ample capital, that win success in any of the 
active pursuits of life. The premises occupied are 25x100 feet in extent, and a 
fine stock of wall paper, paints and oils, picture moulding and such articles and 
materials as are included in this line of business are displayed to great advantage, 
this being the leading house in this branch of business in Columbus. They give 
employment to twelve skilled workmen, to whom the highest wages are paid, and 
the large amount of satisfactory work finished fully testifies to their thorough and 
detailed knowledge of everything pertaining to or contingent upon this business. 
Sign and fresco painting are a specialty, and in painting, paper hanging and dec- 
orating, this house is the equal of any in this section. Messrs. Alexander Reid 
and Frank Lenoir are the individual members of the firm, both prompt, reliable 
and liberal gentlemen, with an activity and industry that knows no pause. They 
have made their house a favorite one for those who have once appreciated the 
advantages to be derived there in prices. 

THE COLUMBUS SAVINGS BANK. 

In every community, especially so in a manufacturing community, there 
should be at least one strong, solvent and liberal savings institution. 

The national sin of America is extravagance. xVnything which tends to 
correct this should always command the good will of all well thinking men. 
Nothing so quickly transforms a community from a condition of extravagance to 
one of iudependence as a Savings Bank, which not only properly cares for the 
money of the depositors, but pays interest for doing so. 

The Columbus Savings Bank, located in the Third National Bank building 
in this city, is an institution which strongly appeals to the confidence of the entire 
community, and, with a paid-up capital of $100,000 and $20,000 undivided 
profits, its solvency is beyond question. The statement published by this insti* 
tution the 1st of July shows that a large part of its assets is invested in such 
bonds as State of Georgia and City of Columbus, securities which always com- 
mand ready cash, no matter what panic may aff"ect the markets, and giving assur- 
ance that depositors in this bank, when they call for deposits, will know that tiie 
deposit Avill come. 

This bank leads all other savings institutions in the city, doing an active 
business in the amount of deposits, and has the- confidence of this locality in the 
safety of the rules which govern it. 

Attached to the bank is a modern Safe Deposit Vault, with boxes for the 
use of customers and the public at a nominal rental. An elegant coupon room, 
comfortable, convenient, and with pleasant surroundings, is an additional attrac- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AXD INDUSTRIES. 149 

tion which makes this is a favorite bank with investors and the small savers of the 
community. 

This bank has always been foremost in educating the public in habits of 
economy, and with no stinted hand has at all times generously contributed to the 
reading public, literature which told not only of the comforts of independence, 
but showed the way to attain it. One of the most efficient means which the bank 
has adopted for training the young idea in the proper way, is a nickle -plated 
auxiliary savings bank, which it very kindly loans to any one feeling economi- 
cally inclined. This bank is not a toy, but a strong, durable piece of mechanism, 
which answers its purpose admirably, and as the bank retains the key, when a 
deposit has once been made in it by the youthful depositor, it cannot be taken 
out until brought to the Columbus Savings Bank, where the contents are counted 
in the presence of the owner, and placed to his credit to bear interest. 

The President of this institution has had an experience running over tAventy 
years in Savings Banks, and has an intimate acquaintance with that class of de- 
positors throughout this section. The Vice-President, Treasurer, and Assistant 
Treasurer are all well known business men, who stand deservedly high, and who 
are intimately actjuainted with their duties, and who acceptably perform them to 
the satisfaction of the depositors of the bank. The Board of Directors embrace 
a list of strong names selected from the diiferent avocations incident to business 
of the community, and are: Messrs. H. L. Woodruff, Louis Hamburger, L. H. 
Chappell, J. D. McPhail, Robert E. Carter, W. E. Bradley, A. C. Prather, W. R. 
Moore, .James A. Lewis, G. Gunby Jordan and J. W. Murphy. 



DR. D. A. HOLMES— Veterinary Surgeon, Offices Vernon Hotel and 
Howard's Livery Stable. 

Although Dr. Holmes is a recent arrival in Columbus, his fame as a thor- 
oughly practical operator in veterinary dentistry and surgery preceded him, he 
having been located for several years in the neighboring State of Alabama. As 
an expert veterinary surgeon he is without a peer in this country. A graduate 
from one of the best colleges of veterinary surgery in the Union, a deep student, 
and thoroughly in love with his chosen profession, he is in step with all the pro- 
gressive theories and practices of the best schools at home and abroad, enabling 
him to treat upon scientific principles all the diseases of the animal kingdom and 
on all matters pertaining to horseflesh, likewise canine and bovine diseases, he 
takes rank with the leading veterinarians in this country. 

Dr. Holmes is also well versed in the training of horses, having spent a num- 
ber of years of his life on the plains among wild and untamed horses. He made 
a deep study of the horse in his wild state. He can train the most vicious kicker 
to be as docile, enduring and gentle as a dog. He can break the wildest horse 
from any and all bad halnts. The writer had the pleasure of seeing the Doctor 
enter the stall of a regular " man eater," and in ten minutes' time the animal was 
following him all around the lot. A great many persons imagine that a trainer 
has some mesmeric or magic power over the animal that no one else possesses, 



150 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA HER 



while others suppose them to use some drug or opiate ; not so, it is only the appli- 
cation of a principle, and if you work upon proper principles and make no mistake 
in your work, you will get a proper result. If you employ a principle that will 
gentle the wild animal, a continuation of the same principle will certainly keep 
him gentle afterwards. The Doctor can explain to you the principle and mode of 
application in an incredibly short time. Dr. Holmes is among the best exemplars 
of his profession. He is a native of Texas, bringing with him that irrepressible 
vim and peerless spirit characteristic of that section. He is a gentleman of supe- 
rior business qualities, high standing and good judgment, always conducting his 
transactions in the legitimate channels of honorable business, liberal in his policy, 
he has achieved success and gained the esteem and confidence of all who 
know him. 



L. A. SCARBROUGH — Dealer in Groceries and General Merchandise, 
1015 Broad Street, Opposite Rankin House. 

There are a number of houses in this city which, without any ostentation or 
striving for prominence, yet transact a business of unusual magnitude, and em- 
ploy capital and labor very extensively. Of such, that of L. A. Scarbrough is 
an excellent example, and is most certainly entitled to recognition in this work. 
The enterprise under consideration was started in 1888, and at once began doing 
a thrifty business, each year showing a flattering increase over the former. The 
books of 1891 show a business of S135,000, proving conclusively that Mr. Scar- 
brough is a thorough business man of tact and skill in the manipulation of the 
grocery trade, with which he is so familiar. Mr. Scarbrough began the study of 
his business sixteen years ago, at which time he came to Columbus from Russell 
county, Ala., and entered the old grocery house of J. W. Clements as clerk, and^ 
influencing a large trade, proved himself to be a most valuable acquisition to the 
establishment. He remained at this stand with William Redd (who succeeded 
J. W. Clements) until four years ago, when he began business for himself. His 
old customers have stood by him, and numbers of new ones have been added to 
the list. 

The stock embraces a full and complete line of groceries and general mer- 
chandise, including tobacco, bagging and ties, etc. Seven employees are re- 
(juired to attend to the immense business of the house, and special attention is 
given to filling orders from the large planters and merchants of the smaller points 
in Southern Georgia, Southern Alabama and Florida. 

Mr. Scarbrough is agent here for the celebrated Lucy Hinton 11-inch 5's 
Tobacco, which brand to-day holds a firm grip upon the large trade handling it 
throughout the South. He also has the agency for two other brands that are 
very largely sold in this section; they are "Gilt Edge" and " Brigham Young,'' 
11-inch 5's. 

The identification of this house with the staple industries of the community 
for the past four years, and the honorable, liberal policy upon which its business 
has been uniformly conducted, makes it a representative institution of the city. 
Cordially commending his house to the trade and the public, and directing atten- 



COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 151 

tion to the manner in which it is conducted, the amplitude of its resources and 
facilities, and remarking that, as ranking first among a number of contemporaries, 
the establishment is of that class which commands the respect, confidence and 
consideration of the city at large. 

R. HOWARD — Board and Sale Stable, and General Transfer Line, East 
Side First Avenue between 13th and 14th Streets. 
As a convenience to the general public there are few business enterprises 
that can compare with the livery and boarding stable system of America. One 
of the most popular and representative establishments of this character in 
Columbus is that above mentioned. This enterprise was founded in 1885 by the 
present proprietor, with but a limited capital, in fact, his main stock in trade was 
enterprise, perseverance and industry, backed by honesty of purpose. The 
result has been very gratifying to the owner, as is evidenced by the fact that he 
now employs in and around his stable about twenty -five men. Mr. Howard made 
his first start about ten years ago, Avith one mule and dray, and worked daily 
himself. From that small beginning he now has the largest transfer business in 
the city, besides running a number of sprinklers. Mr. Howard is an acknowl- 
edged authority upon all aftairs concerning the selection, care and recjuirements 
of the horse, hence his stable has acquired a very liberal and inflviential patron- 
age. His stables are spacious and commodious, covering 50x170 feet of ground, 
thoroughly equipped with every re(|uisite, well ventilated, lighted and improved 
sanitary conditions. First-class and ample accommodations are provided for 200 
head of horses, and every care and attention is given to those entrusted to him 
by experienced grooms and stablemen, and the provender is of the very best 
quality and supplied bountifully, while extra vigilance is exerted over all vehicles, 
harness and e([uipments. Mr. Howard is also a dealer in horses, and when he 
gives his guarantee that a horse is sound and safe he means what he says, and 
for this reason his patronage is derived from among our best classes of people 
and is steadily increasing. Orders by telephone receive immediate response at 
all hours, and all transactions are based upon a liberal and satisfactory footing. 



J. J. KAUFMAN — Wholesale Candy Manufacturer, No. 1026 Broad 
Street. 
The increased manufacture of confectionery within the past few years in 
this country has far exceeded most co-relative branches of trade. In its present 
development it has many of the distinctive artistic characteristics of French inge- 
nuity and invention, and the preparations of sugar and gum and pure extracts 
absorbs large capital and affords a livelihood to many persons. Until a recent 
date most of the confectionery sold in Columbus, and territory tributary to it, 
was manufactured in Northern or Eastern cities. Now we have a home institu- 
tion which will supply the trade with pure goods. So great is the competition in 
larger cities that the ingenuity and inventive talent of manufacturers is exercised 
to find some substitute for the costly sugar, flavoring extracts, and essences, and 
coloring material, and frequently noxious and poisonous substances are resorted 
to by manufacturers who manufacture for exportation to smaller cities. These 
poisons, which are generally mineral substances, are much cheaper than genuine 
extracts. There is, w^ feel confident in saying, no more careful and conscientious 
manufacturer of candies in the country tlian Mr. J. J. Kaufman. He takes the 
greatest i)recaution to exclude adulterated and poisonous ingredients, using noth- 
ing but pure sugar, genuine fruit extracts and flavoring essences, and no where 
can there be produced more brilliantly colored or pleasantly flavored, and what is 



152 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. 



mare important, purer confections than Mr. Kaufman's. Not an ounce of terra alba 
verdigris, mercury, paris green, analine, prussic acid or counterfeit imitations of 
any kind can be ibund in his establishment. 

This important enterprise was started in 1885, with small capital, and the 
increase in business has been so marked that to-day it ranks among our foremost 
institutions. The building occupied is three floors, each 35x90 feet in size, and 
is admirably fitted up for the manufacture of candy, containing a number of 
candy machines and various appliances by which the cost of production is mate- 
rially reduced. The capital invested is placed at 8<),000, and a large trade can 
be supplied at short notice. Four male and one female employes are engaged in 
the Avork, at a monthly outlay of 3125. The States of Georgia, Alabama and 
Florida each contribute their quota of trade to this leading enterprise, whose 
transactions will reach S40,000 per annum. 

Mr. Kaufman was born in Columbus in July, 1870, and has spent his life 
among our citizens, where he is Avell known and very popular. He is an ener- 
getic, active business man, thoroughly conversant with his business, and justly 
merits the esteem and confidence of the business community and the trade 
generally. 

DRS. SIMS & SIMS — Physiciaxs and Surgeons, First Avenue and 
Thirteenth Street. 

As scientific, practical and experienced professional gentlemen, the above- 
named firm is deserving of special mention. The firm is composed of two broth- 
ers, both natives of Georgia, and was started in 1888. Their superior skill as 
physicians and surgeons soon placed them in the front rank of the profession in 
this city. The senior member of the firm. Dr. J. Henderson Sims, began the 
study of medicine under his father, who was a physician of much prominence, in 
Covington, Ga. After reading in his father's office, he went to Atlanta, Ga., 
where he took a full collegiate course in the Southern Medical College, and had 
the houDr of Valedictorian of his class in 1881-2. In 1887 he went to Xew 
York for the purpose of more fully perfecting himself in the profession he had 
chosen. He first entered the Post Graduate School of Medicine, which is one of 
the most popular institutions of the kind in the world, and took a full course of 
lectures there, also a full course in the Polyclinic School. While taking these 
courses of lectures Dr. Sims was not idle in the way of o1)taining all the informa- 
tion to be acquired by ])ractieal work among the hospitals both in Xew York and 
Brooklyn, and iiad the honor of being chosen first assistant to Dr. Andrew 
Currier, the celebrated gyneacologist, of New Y'^ork, and also private assistant to 
Dr. Camman, the noted and Avorld-famed specialist in chest diseases, thus giving 
him the very best of practice even while he was attending lectures. He also 
attended tiie Clinics at Rosevelt, New Y^ork, St. Luke and Mt. Sini Hospitals, 
thus fitting him to practice with eminent success in any part of the United States. 

Dr. E. II. Sims, the junior member of the firm, also began the stud^^ of med- 
icine with his father, after which he attended the leading medical colleges and 
graduated with high honors. He has also had a wide and extended experience in 
hospital practice in the North and Soudi. 

As a firm they stand deservedly high in the estimation of the public as phy- 
sicians and surgeons of ability and learning, whose opinions on diseases of all 
kinds is looked upon as authority, they being often called in consultation with the 
older physicians of the city. Socially they are both gentlemen of refinement, 
honorable, upright and straightforward in all their dealings, they have attained a 
position in this community of which they may well be proud. 



J. W. RIDDLE, 



J. K. NUCKOLLS. 



RIDDLE & NUCKOLLS 



WHOLESALE DEALERS IX 



CIGARS andTOCACCO 



SELLING AGENTS FOR 



"Hmming M," "Fat Possm," "LiitylEal," ad "Eli" Ikmi, 

AND 

"BIG NICKEL" NAVY TOBACCO. 

ALSO 

"LITTLE CARRIE, " SPANISH FLAG SCUSTOM HOUSE CUBANNA CIGARS, 

AND 

BOWERS' THREE THISTLE SNUFF. 

Corner Fourteenth Nt. and First Ave, 

SEE PAGE 99. 



J. W. RIDDLE. 



J. K. NUCKOLLS. 



E. A. SHEPHERD. 



PIEDMONT CIDER WOffKS, 



D 



\j 



RE Cii 



Manufacturers of 



MPAGNE 



Ji 



^ 



^^) 



OI]VOE>IC iVrvE>^ 



Soda and Mineral "Waters, 



OFi^FlCEJ A.:iVI> WrOKtlidS s 



Corner First Avenue and Thirteenth St. 

SEE PAGE 104. 



BEGINS Oct, 26th. 



^ 




MiMmifi^ 



CLOSES Nov. 5th. 



m 



COr^UJ^dTBTTS, O^^. 



% 




MAIN BUILDING 



A Soason of Usrivakd Attractions 



MAGNIFICENT RACES 



-AND- 



LIBERAL PURSES, 
for County and Individual Exhibits. 

A World of Amusements of Every Character. 

OBTE CENT A MIT.E ON AL.L RAILROADS. 

EVERYBODY IS COMING TO COI.IJMBUS. 



C. A. ETHREDGE, Sec'y. 



SAIM'L A. CARTER, Prest. 



